Ancient+Egypt+Min+Ji

media type="custom" key="5035277" =Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. =**__Assignment 3-2__**=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? If I were a worker, I would be unhappy because I would ha to farm for the farmer in one part of the year and build his tomb too. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. The god was a ruler as well as a god and the people believed that he came down to help rule Egypt for the gods. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? The responsibilities were to keep the Egyptian society in order by protecting the civilization from enemies. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? The monuments built for Khufu are the best known. Some of the specific monument such as the great pyramid of Giza. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) The old kingdom lasted from 2686BC-2181BC. It is often called the age of the pyramids because pyramids were first made in that period in Giza and Saqqaro. Stable leadership was most esta 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? The viziers should be placed below the pharaoh but above the slaves, farmers, servants, scribes and craftmen and with the nobles.

=**__Assignment 3-3__**=
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.

Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? A:

The Egyptians wanted to preserve the dead bodies because they believed that the body was needed to be in good condition to carry on to the after life.

How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?

The Egyptians first remove the brain. They threw away the brain because they believed that it wasn't important. Then, they removed all the organs out of the body. Thirdly, drain the body, pack the body with natron and cover the body with it for 40 days. You pack the body with linen. You then cover the body with resin so that the body hardens. You cover the body with linen next ad put amulets on the body for good luck and covered the body with linen again. Then, you put a mask on the face and put the body in a mummy case, then put the case in the sarcophagus.

Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? The brain was removed by putting a metal hook through the nose, break the brains into pieces and pulled out. They did this because they did not know the purpose of the brain and thought it was a waste of space. Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? The four internal organs that were removed were the intestines, liver lungs and the stomach. These organs were put into jars protected by certain gods such as the Qebehsenuef, Duamutef, Imsety and Hapy.

What did they do with the heart? Why? The heart wasn't removed because the Egyptians thought that the heart was the center of intelligence, emotions and feelings. They thought of the heart as we think of the brain.

What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Natron is a salt that absorbs moisture.

How was [|linen] used during mummification? Linen was used to stuff the body and to bind the body for preservation.

What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. The amulets were used for good luck in the after life and to protect the body. What happens to the body after it was mummified? After the body is mummified, the body was put into a sarcophagus and the Egyptian believed that they were ready to make their jouney to afterlife.

=**__Assignment 3-4__**= I would like to be goddess Bastet. This is because she is usually seen as the protective and gentle god with the head of a cat but also was shown with the head of a lioness to protect the kind in a battle. I like this because people must really like you if you were the protecter. I would not like to be Osiris because he is the god of the underworld. It is because when you are the god of the underworld, you are prayed to for no harm but not for good luck or anything. //
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.

Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

The human-headed bulls and goddess Bastet are similar because they are both protective and they both have some part of human in them. I think that those two are similar because even though they they are from different civilizations, the people all want protection so they made a god to protect them

The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The pyramids in the old kingdom were made out of limestones and were not a first smooth and they were called step pyramids. The burial chamber for the pharaoh was deep inside the pyramid and was especially hard to find because there were fake burial chambers and other things to prevent tomb robbers to rob the pyramid. This happened a lot because inside the pyramid was lots of gold and other treasures for the Pharaoh. The ancient Egyptians believed in afterlife and that they could bring anything to their after life if they put it in their pyramids. We are unsure about how they built these pyramids but most historians believe that they built ramps to bring the heavy blocks of limestone up to stack them. Pointing to the skies, it symbolized the Pharaohs journey to the afterlife.
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

The pyramids were used for the pharaoh's burial. They pointed to the sky, which symbolized the pharaoh's journey to the afterlife. The Egyptians wanted the Pharaoh's pyramid to be spectacular because they believed that the Pharaoh controlled everyones afterlife.The pyramids in the old kingdom were made out of limestones and were not a first smooth and they were called step pyramids. The burial chamber for the pharaoh was deep inside the pyramid and was especially hard to find because there were fake burial chambers and other things to prevent tomb robbers to rob the pyramid. This happened a lot because inside the pyramid was lots of gold and other treasures for the Pharaoh. The ancient Egyptians believed in afterlife and that they could bring anything to their after life if they put it in their pyramids. We are unsure about how they built these pyramids but most historians believe that they built ramps to bring the heavy blocks of limestone up to stack them. Pointing to the skies, it symbolized the Pharaohs journey to the afterlife. Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The middle kingdom was the golden age for Egypt. Trade, art, and literature flourished and had strongly built armies. It was marked by order and stability. Pyramids tended to be built with a stone core and a framework of rough blocks. This framework would then be filled with a combination or mixture of mudbrick, debris and sand. Finally, the outer surface would be faced with fine tufa limestone, creating a finished effect not unlike the great stone pyramids of the Old Kingdom. However the use of mudbrick construction is always a problem with regard to the preservation of a structure, and once the outer casing of limestone had been removed, the pyramid was in effect "unprotected" and would deteriorate badly. This is why most of the Middle Kingdom pyramids today resemble little more than heaps of rubble. Eventually, the Hyksos invaded Egypt. Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Hapshetsut was the first known women ruler in history. She expanded the trade by sending Egyptian traders south to trade with the kingdom of punt, to the people in asia minor and greece. Egypt faced many threats to the empire. There were wars with the Hittites and after Ramses the Great died, Egypt lost power to the Hittites and never regained power. Than, the Assyrians took over.
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * Part 3 **
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

=**__Assignment 3-8__**= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The single most important thing that I learned was about Egyptian religion like the gods and their beliefs in the afterlife. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... The thing that I didn't understand was how Egypt first got the concept of pharaohs and the single ruler that was a god. 3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me the most was that the first and only successful woman Pharaoh was Hat 4. I would like to know more about...

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

=** Step 2: ** Look at the picture of an artist's rendition of what Mohenjo-Daro might have looked like and answer the following Comprehension Questions on your wiki page (answers should be fully thought out and worthy of upper school).= = =

**1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?** I learnt that the citizens of Mohejo Daro had a lot of trading and selling from all the people that are hauling things such as wool (?). The man riding on two white animals might be merchants.
 * 2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?**

I can see that this is a modern city because it has a stable trading system and the buildings that give a home.** I think that it is difficult to know exactly what life was like because there might be artifacts that shows us what they used in daily life but nothing more.**
 * 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
 * 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
 * 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?**