_JC_Assignments3

=__Assignment 8__= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

3. What surprised me the most was...

4. I would like to know more about...

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

=__Assignment 5__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

**The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE-2200 BCE):** Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids //**only**// during this time period in history. STOP! Just what is a pyramid? **A pyramid is a huge stone structure with four triangle-shaped sides that meed on one point at the top.** The largest pyramid, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, takes up about **13 acres** of ground, is **481 feet** high, and it took **1000's of workers** and **2 million limestone blocks** to build. However, early pyramids were not smooth. The gaps were later filled in with limestone. It required 100,000 people to build a pyramid, and of course, the government kept records and expenses of it. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. The size and the shapes of the pyramids were symbolic. Spectacular pyramids = happy pharaohs = good for everyone else's afterlife. Things changed during the middle kingdom.

=

 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE-1800 BCE):** The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. However, the country fell to the Hyksos, who invaded with advanced weaponry. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well.======


 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE):** The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. First, they drove everyone from Hykos away. Then, Egypt, fearing future invasions, they blocked all invasion routes. First, Hykos, Syria, then along the Mediterranean coast to Kush. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. They became rich due to tributes from other kingdoms and also conquest and empire opened up many different trade routes. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. They defended against other powers like the Hittites and the Tehenu, but a mysterious group called the Sea People came and took control of the Hittites and then Egypt lost it's empire in Asia. Egypt fell, and never rose again.

=__Assignment 4__=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Part 1: I chose Sekhmet as the God/Goddess I want to be because being called 'The Powerful One' would be like a dream to me. Also, being a fierce God of War will give me a lot of power and I can be respected by other people. People will make offerings to appease me and I will always bring victory. Adrenaline and thrill and power are the main reasons why I want to be Sehkmet. It will also be interesting to be Sehkmet because people will worship and thank me for hundreds of years to come for saving them from a disaster I created. I choose Aten as the God/Goddess I would not want to be because being almighty has a big burden and you get blamed for everything that goes wrong, since you are in charge of it. Also, since you will need to take care of everything, just being almighty will become very painstaking and repetitive work, even more than the specialized gods. It is a very heavy burden and tiring work. I do not think that I want to be Aten, however people worship (or curse) me.

Part 2: Amun and Anu are the same because they are the king of all gods. Osris and Dumuzi (and Allatu) are similar because they are both the gods of the Underworld. Ishtar and Sekhmet are similar since they are both goddesses of war. I think they are similar although the two cultures are different because of key aspects in life. (Violence, Love, The Afterlife, Death) and also because of the belief that all gods came from somewhere, (the father/mother of all gods) and also monotheism (one Almighty) = =

= = = = =__Assignment 3__= 1. Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? - They thought that the spirit could go back to the body if it looked similar to when the spirit was inside. 2. How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? - They preserved the bodies by drying them out, and taking organs out to prevent decay. This process is called mummification. 3. Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? - They mashed it into pieces with a metal hook and then pulled all of it out. The brain was not very important to Egyptians, so they threw it away. 4. Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? - The intestines, stomach, liver, and lungs were removed and put in special canopic jars. 5. What did they do with the heart? Why? - They left the heart inside because they thought it was the center of thought and emotions, like we think of the brain. 6. What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. - Natron is a salt used to absorb water. It is used to remove all moisture of a body. 7. How was [|linen] used during mummification? - Linen was used to stuff the body and also wrap it up. 8. What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. - Amulets were charms that were placed on the mummy to protect them from harm using the power of the gods. 9. What happens to the body after it was mummified? - It was placed in a painted sarcophagus.
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.

=__Assignment 2__= > **Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** > > 1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? > - I would feel honored like if I were living a dream. > 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? > - Old Kingdom, 2700 to 2200 BCE. > 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. > - That their king was also god, and managed the land for them as of the other gods, so he had absolute power of control. > 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? > - To prevent wars, to make trade profitable, to make crops grow well and to prevent diseases. > 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? > - The best known is the Great Pyramid of Giza, which was built as his tomb. > 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) > - A pharaoh, the ultimate god-king, had absolute power. Just below are priests and noblemen, they were respected. Below were craftsmen, farmers, laborers, and slaves. They provided most of the raw resources. > 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? > - > 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? > - They built monuments and labored under the Pharaoh. > 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). > - They traded slaves, labor, stones, etc. with Nubia and wood with Sylvia. > 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. > - To obtain something by any means > - I was dying to acquire a collector's edition //Star Wars// complete boxed DVD set, I would be offering as much as $3000 for one! > 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? > - Among the noble class.
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**

=__**Assignment 1**__=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.