_JC_Assignments4



Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? > It would help a lot, then all of the parts of cities and the different cities will have similarities, so it would be easier to move, locate, and relocate certain buildings. 2. Who were Rajahs? > The Rajahs were the rulers of the cities. They probably owned the land and would have had a centralized-religion-based-government. 3. What is a Guru? > A Guru is a type of teacher that would live with the student until the student reached the age of 20 and while they lived together, the student did chores and provided required services for the Guru. 4. What subjects were taught in school? > The subjects taught in school were on discipline. However, with a Guru, they learned more about government and religion, seeing that the main aspect of all subjects is religion. 5. Who was in charge of the government? > The priests were in charge of the government, which is heavily influenced by the religion. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? > People looked up to the priests because the priests made offerings to the gods, which is the main aspect of religion, which is the main aspect of the government.

**Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? > I was in the Sudra class, or the laborers. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? > There wasn't any harsh orders, and the orders given were rather comical. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? > The part that made me frustrated is that the upper classes can skip their homework, while the lower classes can't. Homework should be lessened (or added) equally. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? > Yes, because the reason is justified (they have much better karma) and it keeps order, as long as everyone remains humane. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? > Yes, because this happens in every society, whether categorized by nationality, religion, skin color, ethics, etc. it is always there.
 * __ Assignment 4-4 __**

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __ Assignment 4-3 __**
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Archeologists+Ideas+Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf]

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? - Daily life in Mohenjo-Daro was fairly easy, as far as food goes. Everyone has some sort of wealth, and there is a public bath and a awesome sewage system. Windows, and also religious practices was also present. 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. - A highly developed culture, and also some sort of government. Religion, and also specialization of labor was present. Stable food supply was here, like being along a river. No indications of society classes. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? - There was a government and taxes, and a suitable sewer. There was also a public bath, and beads as jewelry. This is considerably like the modern cities. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? - This is because the Sarasvati river no longer exists, and also because that the geography and the remains are a lot different from what they were before. 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? - I think probably failure of clean water contributed, so that food was not safe to eat, so that all of them had to run, or risk your life to disease.

__** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? - They found a huge mound during the excavations, which is called the citadel now. It is significantly higher than other parts of the town, which the archaeologists call the lower town. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? - Mohenjo-Daro is similar to our cities because the drains underground are like the modern-day sewers, where people walk down there sometimes, and have to unblock the sewers, just like they did in Mohenjo-Daro ages ago. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? - We can learn from the archaeological discoveries that the people of Mohenjo-Daro were very skilled in building drains and wells. Also, houses were built over old houses, and wells were built higher and higher. Basically, the city started rising. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. - The people of Mohenjo-Daro had carts, so that states that they could trade over long distances with heavy loads. So, this is proof that people in the city could have other jobs whilst farmers trade your goods/services for food. Also, terracotta/bronze figures that were in the museum represented women with special clothes and jewelry, so they might be for festivals or religious rituals. After that, the jewelry had beads and stones, but the necklaces there were made by very skilled craftsmen who put a lot of time into the necklace, and the necklace's value would've been a lot. Useful objects include the bronze plate and also the weights in the museum, which indicates that there was trade due to measurement (scales) and containers (dish). Also, the seals were post-stamp sized. They were porbably used to mark one's possessions. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? - He has a gold headband with a circular ornament. His face is also cracked a bit. The eyes are cut deep, as if put in by shell. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? - The Great Bath is a big pool with dimensions of 12 * 7* 2.4. (meters) also, a a well or rain water was used to fill the bath. This place might be to purify oneself or for religious rituals.
 * __ Assignment 4-2

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __ Assignment 4-1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? - It marks the major areas: deserts, rivers, mountains, highlands, plateaus, etc. 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? - The Sarasvati River. 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. - This is because it was easy to trade, with Sumer as well. Also, there were two fertile rivers. Sort of feels like Mesopotamia ('Land Between the Rivers') now. 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. - Done. 5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? - This is because of over-crowding and that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 BCE.
 * Questions:**