Gina

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=Assignment 6-5= = = =**Athens Creates Democracy (p.264-265)**=

===**Democracy** is a type of government in which people rule themselves instead of being ruled by one person like a King.=== ===-500 BCE, Athenian leader **Cleisthenes** (KLYS-thuh-neez) develops //world's first democracy// in Athens===

===-Cleisthenes set up the Assembly which was a large meeting of male citizens, sometimes about 6000 men. They met on a hill called a Pnyx (pah-NIKS).=== ===-all citizens (except women, slaves, and foreigners) gathered in an Assembly. Slaves were sent out to force male citizens to go to the assembly===

===-At the Assembly, they discussed, debated, and, finally, voted on important issues such as changing voting laws or how to fight the Persians who wanted to control Greece.===



-The assembly always started with a pig sacrifice to honor the gods.
=Assignment 6-3= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

__**
 * __ The Ramayana Poem!!

= **After completing your** __** Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India **__ sheet answer the following comprehension questions: = == 1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? Ahoka's edicts mainly all expresses Buddhist related. ==

2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India?
Ahoka's leadership was promoted because he made the first set of laws.

4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period?Satisfied people contributed in the unification to India.
==5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way == The tree and dug up holes could be just one giant hole and a tree in it. It should also have a quote.

== (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) ==

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? It is help because lay out of the city was so much the same between all of the cities. 2. Who were Rajahs? Rajahs were the Rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? Guru is a type of teacher. Normal teachers would teach his/her kids from 5 to 8 years old but Guru was a teacher that taught until his kids were 20! 4. What subjects were taught in school? All the subjects were about a religious nature. 5. Who was in charge of the government? Indus priest were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? People looked up to the priests because they had the most powers and were the highest people. They also were the ones who prayed to the gods in honor.

**Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? Brahman 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? My favorite part was that I could order people to do certain things because I was Brahman the ruler of everything. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? Well some slaves didn't listen to me which made me very mad while some obeyed. It made me angry because they are suppose to work for me but weren't doing their duty. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? For me it was fair but I don't think the slaves thought it was fair. This is because I was Brahman and could order slaves to do certain things but the slaves had to work for the Brahmans which didn't make them look so satisfied. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? No because slaves for example don't really have the right to do anything and just work for higher classes which is pretty unfair for them. But, in other ways, for example if you think about a high position class it would be great. Therefore I think there shouldn't be society organized by people's social levels.
 * __ Assignment 4-4 __**

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __ Assignment 4-3 __**
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" caption="external image pdf.png" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Archeologists+Ideas+Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf]

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? I learned that Mohenjo-daro had a civilization pretty similar to our civilization. There's were more prehistoric, though. 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. Religious and highly developed culture too because they had many colorful, religious, and wonderful paintings. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? They had wells and sewers that work the same way as we do and had various games such as chess, playing dice and etc which is similar. They also had clay models that were used for playing but ours are mostly made of plastic. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? Because when you were in the ancient days there were more things that were ancient than modern that looks similar to our activities and structures but, most times they were used in different cases. 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? ====Well, there could have been more powerful invaders that came and destroyed their place. Or Famine could have happened because there weren't many floods occurring making the land fertile, and lastly the water could have been too polluted to use and drink.====

__** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? I found wells and sewers, different seals, jewelry such as necklaces, Houses and streets with no windows, and etc. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? They had sewer systems and it works the same way as we do. They had a channel where the waste water would flow out and go in the sewer and there was a well that water was held in. Also trading is pretty much the same and jewelry had many different types that are made out of precious materials like we do. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? People in Mohenjo Daro were very well organized and neat in a prehistoric way. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. People in Mohenjo Daro were really smart and well organized. This is true because the ways all the houses with no windows lined up, wells with channels and sewers connected it to it so water waste to fall out, and making different seals for what they thought represented them in some ways were extremely thought creatively and was a smart and well organized plan just like we have. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? That they were rich, powerful and in a high good leading position. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? The Great Bath was metaphorically used like a now a days spas and jack-oozies. People washed them selves there and was like a public bath tub.
 * __ Assignment 4-2

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __ Assignment 4-1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? There is Thar desert, the Hindu kush mountains, Himalaya mountains, Ganga and Bramaputra River, Deccan Plateau, Indus River, Bay of Bengal, Indian ocean, Arabian sea, and lastly the Eastern and Western Ghats.
 * Questions:**

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? The Sarasvati River

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. Settlement developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers because it was fertile with a lot of rich soil. It was a very good place to farm and grow healthy crops.

4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. Done

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? That is because as centuries passed the Sarasvati River dried up. Therefore, it became a bad land that wasn't fertile which was bad for farming.

=Background =

==Mohenjo-Daro, which scholars believe means "hill of the dead," was an ancient Indian city located on the west bank of the Indus River in the Indus-Sarasvati region. The ruins of Mohenjo-Daro were discovered in 1922. The other Indus-Sarasvati city that was known of at that time was Harappa, discovered in 1826. Over time, thousands of ancient settlements have been discovered along the banks of the Indus River and the now-dried-up Sarasvati River. Most of these settlements are clustered around the Sarasvati River and include cities as large as Mohenjo-Daro, such as Ganweriwala, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. == ==The people of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus-Sarasvati region belonged to what many scholars refer to as the Harappan civilization. This civilization was the late stage of a cultural tradition that dates back to at least 6500 B.C.E. The Harappan civilization included a variety of ethnic groups and flourished for 800 years, from approximately 2700 B.C.E. until 1900 B.C.E. Many archeologists and scholars focus on Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa when studying Harappan - or Indus-Sarasvati - civilization because they were the earliest discovered and thus most thoroughly excavated sites. == ==Mohenjo-Daro was an extremely well-planned city that was similar in design to Harappa in the north. Both cities were approximately 3 miles in diameter, laid out in a gridlike formation, and were built primarily of burnt and unfired mud bricks. Like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro was divided roughly into two areas: a fortress-type area, or citadel, to the west and a lower city to the east. The citadel was approximately 400 yards long and 200 yards wide, and it was built on a mud and brick platform that raised it 50 feet above the lower city. A wall surrounded the citadel and contained notches from which people could look out and defend the area. The lower city primarily consisted of houses. Archeologists have also discovered what they believe to be craft workshops in both parts of the city. Today, archeologists continue to excavate various areas of Mohenjo-Daro, and their finding help build our understanding of this great Indian civilization. == 

**__Day 1__**

__Day 2__
 * For __each__ geographic area of the archeological site (A-H) on the map, look at the //placard// and // picture // of each artifact(s) and answer the question printed on the placard by filling out the "My Ideas" section of the handout: Notes About Ancient Artifacts and Ruins . ** You should have this completed from your last class.

=Step 1:= =Use the following [|Guide to the Mohenjo Daro Artifacts .pdf] to fill out the " Archeologists' Ideas " on the handout: [|Notes About Ancient Artifacts and Ruins.] =

=Step 2:= = = **Look at the picture of an artist's rendition of what Mohenjo-Daro might have looked like and answer the following Comprehension Questions on your wiki page (answers should be fully thought out and worthy of upper school). ** ====**A. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?** **They had similar characteristic as we do such as having dices and chess and also they had trading just like we do but, we trade with ships and they trade by meeting each other through riding oxens and other animals. Although they were similar, they were prehistoric**==== ====**.B. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?** **Religious clothing, seeing there white hat things and the trading where they have to carry there. There social levels weren't that great compared to Egyptian civilization.**==== ====**C. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? Well, they had wells and sewers that work the same way as we do and had various games such as chess, playing dice and etc which is similar. They also had clay models that were used for playing but ours are mostly made of plastic.**==== ====**D. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?** **Because when you were in the ancient days there were more things that were ancient than modern that looks similar to our activities and structures but, most times they were used in different cases.**==== ====**E. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? Well, there could have been more powerful invaders that came and destroyed their place. Or Famine could have happened because there weren't many floods occurring making the land fertile, and lastly the water could have been too polluted to use and drink.**====

==__**Assignment 3-8**__ Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes. ==

1. The single most important thing I learned was that the Nile was called the "Gift of the Nile" because it made the land fertile by carrying silt and soil in the river and flooding the dried land of Egypt.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was the history of Khufu. I only remember about the most famous pyramid called the "Pyramid of Khufu."

3. What surprised me the most was when Djoser prayed to the god Khum or something and when to Sehel Island to do so for more food and fertile land. When he came back Khum came out in his dream and when Djoser woke up, everyone was happy for the ample food supply which I thought was a miracle.

4. I would like to know more about Djoser and his significant movement of famine to ample food supply this is because this subject of praying to the god and really coming true is a miracle event!

5. The part that I think I will always remember was that Djoser thought that his people were poor to have very little food survive and some dying. Therefore, he went to Sehel Island to pray to the god name Khum who controlled the flow of Niles, for many years. Then, when he finally came back to his land, he dreamed about Khum telling him that when he wakes up, the land will be flooded and covered with graceful soil that would help the crops from growing. When he woke up people were cheering for him because the land was fertile and there were ample food supply.

if you are wondering why my assignment are gone they are all on the bottom of this page. :) ==

=__Assignment 3-7__= __Ancient Egypt Topic Peer Assessment__ Go to our YouTube Channel and login using the username and password given in class. You will assess your classmates' videos using the rubric for the ancient Egypt project and by answering the questions below. Each answer must be at least **two** sentences long. Post your assessment in the comments section under each classmate's video. Please make sure you include your first name only or your comment will be deleted. You must comment on **four** classmates' videos: (Note: YouTube has a 500 word limit on comments. You might have to divide your assessment comments into two posts.)
 * classmate above your name
 * classmate below your name
 * two other classmates of your choice

1. How did your classmate make the video interesting and creative?

2. Was it easy to understand your classmates presentation including his/her voice? Why or why not?

3. Clearly explain two things you learned from your classmate's video.

4. How could your classmate improve his/her video?

=__Assignment 3-6__=


 * Due Dates:

A Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 B Block- Monday Feb. 22 F Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 **


 * Task:** You are to research your assigned topic from Egyptian history and create a video presentation using iMovie or Keynote. The video presentation should be 3-4 minutes and include the following required elements:


 * 1) Introduce your topic to the audience and explain the importance of your subject in Ancient Egypt.
 * 2) Explain and show where your topic belongs on a map of Egypt. You may have to be creative with this part because your topic might not be from one area.
 * 3) Present 5 interesting facts you have learned about your subject from your research. Include dates and/or which kingdom (old, middle, new).
 * 4) Identify at least one of the Characteristics of Civilization that is evident in your topic and explain how your topic relates to the characteristic.
 * 5) How does your topic relate to our society today?
 * 6) Include appropriate images/video to make your presentation clear and interesting.
 * 7) Use your own voice for the audio part of your presentation.
 * 8) You (and your partner) must appear in the video for at least 30 seconds as you present your information.
 * 9) Conclude your presentation by restating the significance (importance) of your topic to history.
 * 10) Use at least four different sources. At least one of your sources must be from the [|KIS Library Resources.] At least one resource should be a book.
 * 11) Cite any images that you use at the end.
 * 12) Cite your sources at the end.

__**Helpful Hints**__
 * Follow the steps above in order. Your research will be first, then you will start working on the iMovie.
 * You will be asked to show your progress on this project in every class before the due date. **Your progress will be graded.**

=__Assignment 3-5__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids //**only**// during this time period in history. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom.
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids
 * Original** Paragraph

Pharaohs were very important to the Egyptians. Egyptians believed that pharaohs were chosen by gods to come down to Earth to rule so they believed pharaohs as gods of the Earth. Pharaohs were to still be honored after his or her death. So there were ancient tombs built for the pharaohs which were called the pyramids( Pyramids are huge, stone tombs that have burial chambers inside deeply with four triangular shaped sides that met in the point on the top). This time when Pyramids were built, was called the Pyramid Age.Pyramids store the deads of pharaohs. Pharaohs were to be preserved since they were so important so, Egyptians preserved pharaohs as mummies. The government of Egypt were to pay peasants or other lower classes to help build pyramids and other structures. One example of a very famous and big pyramid known is called the Great Pyramid of Khufu which was near the town of Giza. The earliest pyramids of long long time ago, did not have smooth sides, however, later on, the Egyptians did start making the sides of the pyramids smooth and this was about the time of 2700 BC. The steps of these pyramids were covered/ filled with limestone. But, although scientist do know that there were about 100,000 workers that worked on one pyramid they do not know how they did so. I would give myself- 3 and 1/2 Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well. = =
 * Fixed...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * Original** Paragraph

In the Middle kingdom a lot of things changed. One huge and big important example is that the powers and wealth of the pharaohs started to become declined. The pharaohs weren't able to collect enough taxes for paying their expenses. In this time nobles tried to use their positions to take away power from the pharaohs. Nobles had gained enough power to battle the pharaohs. In about 2200 BC the old kingdom had fallen and the middle kingdom begun. When the pharaoh lost all of his/her power, they were out of position and there was no central ruler in Egypt. But later on, a powerful pharaoh defeated all of his rivals and Egypt was united again. He ruled during almost all of the Middle Kingdom. Towards the end of the Middle Kingdom a group from South west Asia called the Hyksos invaded Egypt with their advanced weapons such as horses, chariots and etc. So, later on, the Egyptians were defeated and the Hyksos ruled Egypt as pharaohs for almost 200 years or so. Egyptians later fought back and Ahmose of Thebes declared himself pharaoh. When Ahmose rose to power the New Kingdom or the 18th dynasty had started. Egypt's leaders decided to feared future invasions after battling the Hyksos. They decided to make as many invasion routes into the kingdom. So, they conquered the Hyksos, Syria, and the entire eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the kingdom of Kush of south Egypt. While they were doing this they formed an empire. Egypt soon gathered a lot of power and became really rich too! You wouldn't believe it but, the Assyrian, Babylonian, and the Hittite kings sent expensive gifts to Egypt to maintain good relations!!!!!! :) I would give myself- 3 and 1/2
 * Fixed...**

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE): The New Kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. During the time period of the New Kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings.
 * Original**

This fixed one is combined with part 2 so this part will be in part 2.!!!!!
 * Fixed...**

= = = = =__Assignment 3-4__= I chose Aten for the god I want to be. I would want to be Aten because Aten was the sun of god. If I was Aten, I would change the sun's position to where it shines because I want to change the direction of the sun do Egypt could be more wealthier. If Egypt becomes wealthier, people would start to worship me more and more because they are wealthy because of me. I don't want to be Nut, the goddess of the sky, because she swallowed Ra, the god of sun at night. Because of her, the sun wouldn't shine night. If she didn't do her job, there would always be day which I love!! So, I don't like Nut.
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different? The gods/goddesses of Egypt and gods/goddesses of Mesopotamia all had different powers and looks. Egyptian gods however looked similar to each other (thin and egyptiany) but, the Mesopotamia's gods and goddesses looked completely different from each other. Although, they did have similarities. The most common similarity is that most of the gods and goddesses both in Mesopotamia and Egypt are looking sideways instead of frontwards.

=Assignment 3-3= = = =__Assignment 3-2__=
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? To honor the pharaohs even though they are dead
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? They preserved the bodies by taking out the brains, taking out the intestants, stuffing natron in the body, and then rapping bandages. Lastly. you put it in a case, and then put it in the tomb. ; mumification
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? you get a stick and poke it through the nose and take the brain out.
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? Lungs,kidney, liver,small intestant
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why? They put it inside with the natron thing. So that the spirit of the pharaoh is left.
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Natron was used for stuffing the pharaohs and making them fat.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification?it was packed inside the mummies stomach.
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified? they were used to decorate the mummies and two examples are the tower thing and a circulish thing.
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I feel great because I am following my own religion and I can believe in them if I want too. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call __Old Kingdom__ When did it start and end?It started from 2700 BC to 2200BC. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. They felt good because they believed that their pharaohs had come to earth in order to manage Egypt for the rest of the gods. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? They were responsible for keeping Egyptian society in order and also protected Egypt from its enemies. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? Khufu is famous for the Great pyramid of Giza and built this monument. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) Egyptians believed that a well ordered society would keep their kingdom strong. the pharaoh was in the highest position, then, nobles, scribes and craftspeople, and lastly farmers,servants, and slaves (80%). 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? advantages are that they get to work on the pharaoh's building projects when it floods and disadvantages are that they have to work all the time. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? they worked on the pharaoh's building projects. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). People traded leopard skin, Ostrich feathers, gold, copper, ivory, slaves, wood, and stones.They traded with Sryia which was provided with rare wood. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. Acquire means to come into possession or ownership. Sentence: I acquired lip-gloss. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? They should be in the place of Pharaohs. = =

=Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea. 3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. = = = =

= = =Study Guide:)= =Hominids and their Characteristics= ==Australopithecus- Australopithecus means southern ape. It was people from 4~5 million years ago. They used two legs to walk. Luci was a Australopithecus. It had a brain size very small compared to ours.== ==Homo habilis- Homo habilis means handy man. It was people from 2.4 million years ago. They use two legs to walk too! They had a brain size a bit bigger then a Australopithecus. It used early stone tools like choppers to scrape animals and and chop wood.== ==Homo erectus- Homo erectus means upright man. It was people from 1.5 million years ago. Scientists say that they were the controllers of fire. They made stone tools like the hand ax. The hand ax was used to cut trees, dig holes, and cut animal hides.==

Homo sapiens- Homo sapiens means wise man. It is people kind of like us. Homo sapiens were first found 200,000 years ago.
=Aspects of Daily life effects notes=

The food source was much more better than the old ones.
food source...?

=Vocabulary:=

Ex- Early humans domesticated animals, such as dogs, wolves, and cows.
=**Time lines:**=

**B.C= B.C.E ( Before Christ)**
= = =Other notes:=

= = =**__Assignment 1 __**= Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.

Answer 1. I was born in the year of C.E. 2. 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, AD 1215, AD 2000. 3. First of all c stands for circa. c. AD 1000 means that scientist are not exact of the date, AD 1000.

=**__Assignment 2__**= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class.

Answer 1. How many years are a 2 decades, 4 centuries, and 5 millenniums in total? 5420 2. What is C.E similar to? What is B.C.E similar to? C.E is similar to A.D and B.C.E is similar to B.C 3. Is it 0 B.C.E or 0 C.E? 0 C.E 4. What is 1930 to 1939 equal to? "the thirties" 5. What does Chronological order mean? It means time order.

=__Assignment 3__= Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My role was to play Nuwa and use a rope and swirl it on top of Nuwa's head. 2. What Problems did your group run into? The problem that my group ran into was that pause. 3. How did your group deal with these problems? We just acted like we were suppose to pause there. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories? Every story had gods and humans. Another thing was that all the gods were lonely so they made human. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). I will compare and contrast the story about China and Egypt. In the story about China and Egypt, Nuwa and Ra both were gods or goddesses and were lonely that they made humans. They are different because in the China story, Nuwa made humans by clay. But, Ra in the other hand cried and the teardrops turned them into humans. There for these to stories are pretty similar and different.
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

=**__Assignment 4__**= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? Africa 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? Australopithecus Aferances 3. How long ago did Lucy live? 3 million years ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? Standing in 2 feet. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus-People like Luci are Australopithecus.
 * Homo habilis- People who had a back that was straight.
 * Homo erectus-People that controlled fire.
 * Homo sapiens- People like us are Homo sepiens.

6. Which hominid are you? Homo sepians

=__Assignment 5__= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__. My tool wood be made out of stone and would be carved in to a star shape. Then when attach it to wood it would be easier to grow crops because there are mny pointy sides. Therefore I would make this and use for planting crops. Prehistory- Historians call the time before there was writing. Paleolithic Era- This means old stone age. Tools- is any hand held object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task. Hunter gatherer- A person who hunts and animals and gather crops like fruit and seeds to survive.
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**? To see what the old day people use to use for writting.
 * 2) What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright? You could pick berries off easily because you become so tall.
 * 3) What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**? Tools for processing food.
 * 4) Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
 * 1) What is a **hunter-gatherer**? A hunter gatherer are people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive.
 * 2) In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language? I t was to make hunting in groups easier. Also some think it is developed as a way for people to form relationships.
 * 3) Define the boldfaced words above.

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?).

Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? Neolithic 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? They use sharp stone tools. I think that these tools were used for chopping wood, peeling off animal skin, and carving. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? Homoeractus 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? I think it is because revolution means a rapid change in society so, Paleolithic changing in to Neolithic could be called a Neolithic Revolution. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? To tame. 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? Horses, Cattle, Sheep, and Goat 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? Maize 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. - First of all I would have to grow my own food or raise animals. - Secondly, I would have to give my crops water and give it enough sunlight. - Lastly, I would have to take out the weeds from each plant or make sure that if one animal gets sick I don't make that animal give the sickness to other animals instead of just hunting or gathering.

=__Assignment 7__= 1. What types of hominids were there? Then, give a brief summary (2~3 sentences) about each hominid. 2. Who is Luci and why is she so important? 3. What was the main thing that changed between the Paleolithic period to the Neolithic period?
 * Write 3 test questions.**

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? Answer: Well, in the Paleolithic period people had to move from place to place to gather food but in the Neolithic period people could stay at one place because food was reliable and people started to farm and surplus food for winter. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? Answer: They got better clothing because they breaded good wooled sheep with the other good ones. They got all the good crops and put all the bad crops together so the bad crops don't get all the water from the good crops. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? One advantage is that is we have good areas to plant crops. A disadvantage is that there were floods that destroyed homes and killed people.

=__Assignment 8__= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? One thing that was surprising was the Neolithic surgery. This was quite surprising because people did brain surgery by using stone tools. It was interesting when people used a stone tool and made a hole in Ookies's skull to cure him. Another thing that surprised me was when that people in the daily life in Catal Huyuck lived in houses that had entrances on the roof. This was surprising because imaging that people having to climb up the roof the go in there house is cool. The last this that was very shocking was people in the old days figuring out how to domesticate. This was interesting because I thought people in Catal Huyuck in the old day couldn't think as much as us. But, people figuring out how to domesticate in those days was interesing. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? I knew that people hunt and gathered. I also knew that people painted their ancestor's skull to remember them. Lastly, I knew that if a person had a daughter, the daughter's husband would be decided by their dads. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) Jookie would have hunt and gathered with her family. She would also live in a Catal Huyuck house where the entrance would be on top of the roof. Then, when she gets a bit older, she probably would start domesticating.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

=__Assignment 9__= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The single most important thing I learned was the daily life of farming. I think this was the most important thing because the textbook talked a lot about it. It told me about domesticating and planting your own food, which basically is farming. It was cool that how people discovered farming. Farming was discovered when people people finally noticed that if they throw seeds in to the ground and gets water and sun, plants grow and there could be plenty of food to eat.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was the stone tools. I am confused with this because I don't really get how this changes happen and how they are used. I was also confused in the neolithic, paleolithic, and Mesolithic era. They were kind of confusing because I didn't get what really happened during those eras. Besides that, I think others weren't that confusing of anything.

3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me the most was how people changed over time. I couldn't believe at first, that 3 Australopithecus brains could fit in our head. I was also amazed how people did things in a different way. For example, people in the Australopithecus days people hunt and gathered, but, as time past people changed and people started planting, domesticating, and doing surplus. I didn't know things could change like that after years!

4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about what things happen in the Australopithecus times. I want to know more about this because I thing being human like apes are very interesting and want to know if their great great great ancestor ate ape food of monkey food. I also want to know what they wore and did in their free time besides playing and what types of tools they used and how they made them, plus what they made them out of.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I think I will always remember was is how small Australopithecus's brains are. I think I will always remember this because Australopithecus's 3 brains could actually fit in one of our brains which is a miracle!!!

=**__Assignment 2-1__**=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to// help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? Rich farming but, later on it became very bad. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? Cultivate means grew. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? By 5000 B.C.E, farmers in the Zagros hills did not have enough land which to grow food for the increasing population. As a result, people could no longer maintain a stable food supply. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? A, because if you do A you can have more people to start planting. So, by the end of the year, there would be at least some plants to eat.
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? The rivers sometimes flooded their crops and houses and in the summer the land dried up. 2. How did they solve these problems? They couldn't really solve this problem. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? The melted snow that caused flooding came from mountains.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

=__**Assignment 2-2**__=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? Answer: They made reservoirs and levees to storage water and use it when needed. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? Answer: Farmers prevented flooding by building levees and poking holes in them. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? Answer: Canals would export water to the fields, the levees and dams would prevent the field from flooding, and last but not least reservoirs would save water so if people run out of water they could use the water they saved. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? Answer: Surplus 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? Answer: Water wouldn't go through canals because they are clogged. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? Answer: They communicated with other villagers and helped each other out. 1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? Answer: They scooped water from reservoirs and made sure if the water was balanced. They also cleared silts from canals to prevent them from clogging. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? Answer: They connected by the irrigation canals that wound through cities. 3. What did many villages grow into? Answer: It grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? Answer: Sumers and the people were called Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? Answer:Cities located upriver and built new canals or blocked other cities canals. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? Answer: Mesopotamian plains didn't have protection to protect themselves. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? Answer: Make walls to protect a city and make a deep canal around the city so enemies can't come to the city easily.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=**__Assignment 2-3__**= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? It got its name because the land is shaped in a crescent shape. 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? Water was the most important factor because the land was't really moist. 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? They fought for water building canals and blocking other people' canals. 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? Because people will try to make the systems better so they could get more water which means that the cites will grow and could form a goverment.

===** Label each topic in the handout, __Notes About Sumerian Achievements__, with the Characteristic of a Civilization it best represents. For example, a picture of a blacksmith forming armor or a nail would fall under "Specialization of labor..." Do this for all 16 Achievements on your handout. ( Do for all 16 Sumerian Achievements) **===

Objectives

 * describe 16 Sumerian Achievements
 * identify characteristics of civilization in the Standard of Ur
 * explain how Sumer exhibited the characteristics of civilization
 * explain how one's contemporary society exhibits the characteristics of civilization

=__Assignment 2-4__= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. 1. The U.S votes for a leader such as a president and has a system of government. 2. The U.S keeps on trading from England or other countries. 3. The U.S has people with very different jobs. Doctors are very different from store keepers and they do different things. 4. The U.S has a different level of societies. Wealthier people have a higher level and poorer people have a lower level. 5. The U.S has art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing all for cultural entertainment. They have rock star bands, rockets and other very interesting things. 6. The U.S has people with different religion. Some might be buddism but, some might be Christianity. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? I think that civilization needs to have all of the characteristics mentioned. But, maybe not the religious system because people should be free to choose their own religion. 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-5__= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live? Akkadians lived in the north of Sumer.
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.? In spite of their differences the Akkadians and the Sumerians stayed in peace.
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do? He was the Akkadian emperor and had a permanent army. He wanted to extend Akkadian territory. So, he defeated all the city states of Sumer.
 * 4) What did Sargon establish? He established the world's first empire. The Akkadian empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.
 * 5) Define 'empire'. Empire is the land with different territories and peoples under a single rule. - He made the first military system. - His army couldn't protect their state after his death.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire? He ruled is empire for more than 50 years.
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire? After Sargon's death Akkadian empire could no longer keep them in safe. The Sumerian city state of Ur rebuilt their strength and conquered the rest if Mesopotamia and became the most powerful civilization in the region.
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? Sumer.
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? They had massive walls protected Ur from attack. Most of the city was filled with a maze of houses and shops.Inside the city's walls was another canal and a large harbor, where foreigners docked their boats while they traded with Ur's merchants.

=__Assignment 2-6__= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? <span class="currency_converter_link">2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? <span class="currency_converter_link">3. What part of the game was difficult for you? <span class="currency_converter_link">4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? <span class="currency_converter_link">5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? <span class="currency_converter_link">6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

1. Getting a monopoly was pretty fun because you had to try to find a way to make a monopoly before the other people notices that you are aiming for the object you wanted a monopoly. 2. I felt very good, because nobody in my group noticed that I just needed one more jewelry to get a monopoly. 3. Nothing really was that difficult for me, because no one thought about me having a monopoly and just gave me all their jewelry that made me rich!!!! 4. You could get more money and you could make the price more higher if another person wanted it because nobody else has jewelry or dates left! 5. Probably nothing, because I collected all the jewelry that nobody was able to get it from me because I kept changing my price more higher and higher as more people asked. 6. Well, not to be mean or anything, but, probably just being selfish and trying to get all the products and resources to yourself would be better because you can get more money and try to make yourself more richer by making the price of your monopoly more higher.

=__Assignment 2-7__=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King?I would advise the king that common people should be punished the same way just like king because I don't think that it is very fair for the common people who could have just have done the same thing the king did. But, if so, they would've gotten treated differently. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? Ur had no power. 3. Where was Babylon located? It was located near the Euphrates River which was near to nowadays Baghdad, Iraq. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Hammurabi was the Babylon's king. He became king in 1792 BC. 5. What is a monarch? A monarch is a ruler of a kingdom of empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? He called it the Babylonian Empire which was named after his capital. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? He brought much prosperity through increased trade. He also made the Hammurabi's Code. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? A Hammurabi's Code was a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life. The areas of daily life the code covered was trade, loans, and theft to marriage, injury, and murder. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. - It was written down so everyone could see. - It was also very thorough. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? After Hammurabi's death, the Babylonians lost their power which is similar to the Akkadian Empire because after Saragon's death the Akkadians also lost power. Therefore, both the kings that rules a powerful empire died and they both lost power after both of their deaths. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. 7. If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death. I chose this because I think it is true that if you buy from a son or slave of another man you should go to jail. Because they bought from the poor people and young people which they should be punished harshly.

8. If any one steal cattle or sheep, or an ass, or a pig or a goat if it belong to a god or to the court, the thief shall pay thirtyfold therefore; if they belonged to a freed man of the king he shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. I chose this because steeling food/animals from the god is horrible. Everybody believed in gods as their lord, as their fathers! So, I think it is right and would have to pay thirtyfold. A freed man of the king wouldn't be as important as the god or the courts so, they should pay tenfold but, if they didn't have any they should get seriously punished meaning that they should die!

21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. I chose this because I think that breaking into house to steal instead of working to get the things you want is very bad. Stealing is awfully bad! So, I think that they should die for doing bad things that is harmful to them and the person whom they had stole goods from.

=__Assignment 2-8__= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Civilization Name: Hittites**= Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? The most difficult to find evidence for the culture I picked was =**Assyrians**= []
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. || They had very strict rules. || For Hittites, only a small handful of crimes were capital crimes. ||
 * A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. || The Hittites had a lot of food supply. || They almost all got their food from the Caspian Sea. ||
 * Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. || Hittites had different jobs. || Hittites were good at making things out of iron and made many things out of iron like weaopns. It was very valuable for them. There also was lots of armies. ||
 * Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. || They had different social levels. || There were people like kings, queens, prince, princesses, slaves, and other common people. ||
 * A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. || The Hittites had highly developed culture. || They had music, art, and writing. ||
 * A religious system, which might include priests and temples. || The Hittites were religious. || They recognized that all gods were legitimate. They also had Jewish religion. ||

[]

=**Hittites**= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=**Chaldeans**= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM]