Helen

 = = =media type="custom" key="5043235"= = __Assignment 1__ = Using your notes and page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? - I was born on CE year. 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 - The order of these dates: 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000. 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? - That means that the event would have happened about 1000 AD.

=**__Assignment 2__**= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. 1. Was Columbus born in CE year or BCE year? - He was born in CE year. 2. When was the color TV invented? - It was invented on 1850. 3. How many events did it happen on 1800s? - 3 events happened on 1800s. 4. When was the last ice age? - 18, 000 B.C.E 5. About how man centuries passed between the invention of paper in China and when Colombus reached the Americas? - About 14 centuries had passed betweeen the invention of paper in China and when Colombus reached the Americas.

=**__Assignment 3__**= **Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response** Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See __Resources-1__ Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? - My role was script manager. 2. What Problems did your group run into? - The problems that my group ran into were when we couldn't make our story go smooth in the play and we made some pronounciation mistakes. 3. How did your group deal with these problems? - Our group dealt with these problems by telling the people who's next to you quietly telling what she did wrong so she could fix it next time. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. - 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). -

=**__Assignment 4__**= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions **clearly** __and in__ **complete sentences** __on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? - Lucy and the other homids were found in Africa, Hadar. 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? - The scientific name of Lucy is called Australopithecus. 3. How long ago did Lucy live? - Lucy lived about 3 million years ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? - The most important step in human development was Austalopithecus stood on two legs. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.** 6. Which hominid are you? - I am a homo sapien species of hominids. = =
 * Australopithecus: Australopithecus lived in Africa about 4- 5 million years ago, and it stood on two feet. Australopithecus had a brain size about one- third of our brain. The name means southern ape and they walked with two legs.
 * Homo habilis: Homo habilis used stone tools for chopping and scraping about 2.4 million years ago, and the brain was half the size of a regular human brain. The name means handy man.
 * Homo erectus: Homo erectus knew how to control fire and used an ax. They lived 2-1.5 million years ago, and they migrated out of Africa to live in Europe and Africa. The name means upright man.
 * Homo sapiens: Homo sapiens existed in Africa about 200,000 years ago and developed language. They also knew how to make fire and use many tools, and they migrated all over the world. The name means wise man.

__**Assignment 5**__ Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions **clearly** __and in__ **complete sentences** __on your wiki page__. 1. Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory?** **-** The historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory because needed artifacts and skeletons to study history. 2. What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright? - The one advantage of walking completely upright might be seeing things and when they le arn how to use their hands. Animals who don't stand up on two legs use all four of their arms and legs as mostly legs so if you can use two of the legs as arms and hands it will be easier to get fruits or pick things up. 3. What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**? - The tools people used during Paleolithic Era is stone chopper. In Paleolithic Era, they used stone for tools. 4. Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two. - The stone and wood tool I could use to help with my chores are 5. What is a **hunter-gatherer**? - A hunter-gatherer is a person who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive. 6. In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language? In my opinion, the most important change brought by development of language is communicating to each other. If we can't communicate, it will be hard to express what you mean. Since, we have words and grammar rules now, people can understand what we mean. 7. Define the boldfaced words above. Prehistory: history before there were any records of Paleolithic Era: The first of the Stone Age Hunter-gatherer: A hunter-gatherer is a person who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions **clearly** and **completely**. Please put your answers on your wiki page. 1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). - The discovery change that could change our life is by having good food resources by planting with seeds. Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? - The another name for the New Stone Age is Neolithic Era. 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? - People made tools like saws and drills. They used these tools to gather food and cut woods or more. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now **make** fire. Which hominid would this be? - Homo Erectus 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? - I think it's called revolution because revolution means a sudden, complete or marked change in something' and I think learning to grow food was a huge change for the people. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? - domestication means the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? - Using the map on p. 41, the animals that are domesticated in Asia were horse, cattle, sheep and goat. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? - Using the map on p.41, the corn was first domesticated in North America. 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. - If you were a farmer, My life would be different than a hunter and gatherer. 1) I wouldn't have to hunt and gather food every time there are not enough supplies. 2) I will have plenty of food left for me for trading. 3) I would domesticate things.

= = =**__Assignment 7__**= Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? - The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period is people farmed and domesticated animals instead of hunting and gathering. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? - The people's lives changed as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period by people growing the crops that were better and not plant the bad ones. People also started to raise the good and healthy animals. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? - The some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture.

=**Quiz F - Helen's Study Guide **=

=__Assignment 8__= = = =** Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions **clearly **and** completely **on your wiki page.** 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? - The first thing about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised me is when the parents worried about who they marry. I first thought that in the Neolithic period, they don't really care who they marry rather it is rich. In this video, I learned that in the Neolithic period, they also cared about who their daughters or son marry. The second thing that 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? - The three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk I knew already from class would be they would eventually start domesticating animals and plants. Also, I knew from class that people developed their own language and started to build fire. Also, since people didn't have to worry about survival anymore, they started to develop special skills like pottery or painting. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. Explain three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) - Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. The three ways her life is different then mine is that I am 12 years old and I am living in the 21st century but Jookie is living is a 12 year old who is living in Catal Huyuk. You can also say that she is living in the Stone Age. Second, my daily life would be very different than Jookie. I would ride car, bus, airplane, etc. to transport but Jookie wouldn't never ride something to transport. Third, Jookie has a father who hunts and gathers, but my father is working as a CEO in a company. These are the different ways my life and Jookie's life would be different.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

= ** __Assignment 9__ ** = Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... -The single most important thing I learned was that living things like Homo Habilis, Australopithecus, and Homo Erectus really existed. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... - Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was how the Era's and the different species were connected. 3. What surprised me the most was... -What surprised me the most was that they knew how to do brain surgery in Neolithic Era.

4. I would like to know more about... - I would like to know more about how all the species died out except for Humo Sapiens.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... - The part that I think I will always remember was when we learned that people started domesticating plants and animal starting from the end of Mesolithic and to the Neolithic Era and another part that I think I will always remember will be by knowing how to do brain surgery.

= __**Assignment 2-1**__ =
 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity 2-1** **//to// help you answer the questions.**


 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? - Increased food supply, sturdier shelters, and improved technology helped the human population to grow dramatically in Mesopotamia. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? -Cultivate means to grow things, like crops. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? -By 5000 B.C.E. the major problem the farmers in the Zegros <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">hills did not have enough land on which to grow food for the increasing population. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? -Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, the best way to deal with the food shortage was to first try to increase the number of time each years that farmers plant their crops. Also, I think the best way to deal with the food shortage is<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"> to try to find another place to grow food that has lots of space. 1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? - The two major problems that farmers had as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plaints are that the <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">river plains always got flooded by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and that t<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">he soil was hot and stony. 2. How did they solve these problems? - They solved these problems by managing <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">to control the water using dams and irrigation. They built <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">barriers, canals, and reservoirs. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? - The melted snow that caused flooding came from the<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px;"> Zargos Mountain.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

= __**Assignment 2-2**__ =

**Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any)** __**clearly**__ **and with** __**details**__ **on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? - The first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was to carry the waters in buckets. Farmers got water to their fields by carrying buckets. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? - The farmers prevented flooding by building dams, barriers, canals, and reservoirs, and taking care of them regularly. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please **clearly** explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? - Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers because you didn't have to go to the river to get water because there were little canals irrigating the fields. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? - Surplus means an extra supply of something such as food. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? - The thing that could happen if one canal is clogged is the water won't move through there and the whole irrigation system would not work. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? - The different villages took care of the complex irrigation system by cooperating each other and taking care of the irrigation system.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? - The Mesopotamian villages helped each other by 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? - The people who lived very far apart connected each other by cleaning up irrigating systems and they were connected by the irrigation canals that wound through the cities. 3. What did many villages grow into? - The villages grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? - We call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns was called Sumer and the people who were called that came from that region were Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? - One city could stop the water from reaching another city by one city could block one canal, and all the irrigating system, except its would have no water. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? - It was easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains because the Mesopotamian plains provided no natural barriers and it is also easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains because it is just a wide open flatland. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? - I think that it is best to build walls around the city so that the enemy cannot come in. It is also a good idea to dig holes in the ground so that you can move in secret just in case the walls come down or when the enemies are chasing you.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=__Assignment 2-3__= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? - The Fertile Crescent got its name by having a good soil that were very good for planting crops, and that, fertile in Mesopotamia and its shaped like a crescent moon. 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? - The most important factor in making Mesopotamia’s farmland fertile was irrigating fields and building the irrigation system. 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamia civilization? - The ways a Division of Labor contributed to the growth of Mesopotamia civilization was by dividing the jobs so that everyone has something to do. 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? - Running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system might prepare people for running a government by they being a leader of a project, and if the person does a good job they might elect the person as the leader.

=__Assignment 2-4__= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. - Yes. Korea and the U.S. have cultures, languages, traditions, a government, and rules to follow. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? - In my opinion, I think all of them can be mentioned, except the religious system, and food supply.

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-5__= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions. 1. Where did the Akkadians live? - Akkadians lived north of Sumer. 2. What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E? - Their relationship was peaceful with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E. 3. Who was Sargon and what did he do? - Sargon was a ruler of Akkadians, also known as the Akkadian emperor. Sargon broke the peace between the Sumerians and the Akkadians. Sargon was the first ruler to have a permanent army. He rebelled against the Sumerian ruler and took over his city. 4. What did Sargon establish? - Sargon established the world's first empire. The Akkadian Empire stretched out fro m the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. 5. Define 'empire'. - Empire is a land with different territories, and people under a single rule. 6. Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader. - The two examples of why Sargon was considered a great leader are that he established the first world's empire and that he ruled well. 7. How long did Sargon rule his empire? - Sargon ruled his empire for more than 50 years. 8. What eventually happened to Akkadian Empire? - Hostile tribes from the east raided and captured. 9. Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? - The Sumerians once again eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again. 10. Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? - Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, I can see massive walls that are protections from attacks, I can see a giant temple that is dedicated to the moon god Nanna and his wife ningal and I can see that they were filled with houses and shops. This shows that Ur was an advanced city.

=__Assignment 2-6__= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ <span class="currency_converter_link">1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? - The part of the game I liked the best was when we traded things with people by persuading them. Persuading people so you can get cards was pretty hard because you might not have the card they need. So, it was hard but I was relieved that now we buy things with our money. I liked trading things and persuading people of the game even though it was a little hard. <span class="currency_converter_link">2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? - During the game, I felt that it is hard to trade with people. I felt bad for ancient people, because now we use money and go to shops or markets or grocery stores to buy stuff. But before, they did a harder way by trading. If one person wants a thing and you don't have it but you want to get a thing from the person, you can't get what you want because you don't have the card that that person needs. <span class="currency_converter_link">3. What part of the game was difficult for you? - The part of the game that was difficult for me was to know which product I will need to trade someone with. <span class="currency_converter_link">4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? - In my opinion, If you have monopoly of an entire product, then the people will only come to you to buy that product. Then, you can control the price in any way that you want because you are the only person people can get the product from. I think that is the advantage there to having a monopoly of an entire product. <span class="currency_converter_link">5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? - The part of the game that I would change if I played it again would be that I would have changed the products that it will be more worth it when you trade it. <span class="currency_converter_link">6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? - In this game, it was better to cooperate with another player because you had to trade with other people to get products as much as you can. By trading, it was fair to give the person what product the person wants, and get the product what you want from that person.

=__Assignment 2-7__=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? - I would advise the King to not treat more harshly to noble people because they are all people like us and it is unfair to treat people different. I would advise the King to treat people the same. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? - In 2000 BCE, Ur's powers were gone and it got ruined. 3. Where was Babylon located? - Babylon located on the Euphrates River near what is today Baghdad, Iraq. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? - In 1792 BCE, Hammurabi became the Babylon's king. 5. What is a monarch? - Monarch is a ruler of king or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? - After conquering all of Mesopotamia, Hammurabi called his empire Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? - Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. The other skills he had was he supervised many building or irrigation projects, improved Babylon's tax collection system, and made laws. He also made the Hammurabi's Code. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? - The Hammurabi code was a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life. The areas of daily that the code covered was trading, loans, theft, marriage, injury, murder and even more. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. - The two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important are that people knew which people needs to get punished for if they did something wrong. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? - Eventually, the Babylonian Empire fell apart and people were in chaos because Hamurabi died. The Babylon Empire came to an end, and so did the Akkadian Empire. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. - If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out: I think this rule is too cruel. It is very cruel and violent to take out is eye if a mac took out the eye of another man. He might've pulled out his eye in accident while fighting, etc. I think this is very cruel. - <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"> If a freed man strike the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money: I don't know how much ten shekels is worth, but if it is a high money, I don't think it is fair. I think it is good to just make it middle. - <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If he break another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken: I think this is unfair. The person might have done it in accident but every person who broke another man's bone will have to break his own bone. Since they didn't have any hospitals or doctors, I think they should just give money to them. I think these are how it would be fair for me.

=__Assignment 2-8__= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Civilization Name:**= Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not?
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of society. ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. ||  ||   ||
 * Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A religious system, which might include priests and temples. ||  ||   ||

=__**Assignment 3-1**__=


 * Source: Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**

(Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. **(Use the textbook to help you with this part.)** 2. Label the Red Sea. 3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry 4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), and the oasis of Faiyum-Include dates, palm trees, and crocodiles. Provide an image and a description for each historic site 5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Hermopolis, Akhetaten, Memphis, Bubastis. Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine 6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta, the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature. 7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

=**__Assignment 3-2__**=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? - I would feel good working for the pharaoh, because pharaoh is like a God for ancient Egyptians, and they really respect them. I would really like to plant crops in the part of the year, and sometimes help to build a great tomb for the afterlife of pharaoh. The pharaoh is also the ruler of Egypt, and I would like working for my own country. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call __Old Kingdom__. When did it start and end? It started from about 2700 and it ended from about 2200 BC. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. - They felt good about their country and their pharaoh because they believed that the pharaoh had come to earth in order to manage Egypt for the rest of the Gods. As a result, he had absolute power over all land and people in Egypt. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? - The responsibilities of the pharaoh were to make trade profitable and to prevent wars. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? - The famous pharaoh, Khufu is best known for the monuments that were built to him. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) - Egyptians believed that a well ordered society would keep their kingdom strong. So the pharaoh was in the highest position, then, nobles, scribes and craftspeople, and lastly farmers,servants, and slaves. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? - One advantage is that people can work for the pharaoh and will have enough to eat. One disadvantage is that you could be forced to fight for Egypt, although you get paid in grain. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? - During the flood season, the farmers worked on the pharaoh's building projects. Servants and slaves also worked hard. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). - Egypt traded with some of its neighbors. Traders traveled south along the Nile to Nubia to acquire gold, copper, ivory, slaves, and stone for building. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. - Acquire means to get. In Old Kingdom, Egypt was acquired wealth because they had a very good trading system. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? - Viziers should we placed in the nobles.

= =

=**__Assignment 3-3__**=

**Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions **clearly and with details** on your wiki page. 1. Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? - Egyptians wanted to preserve dead bodies because they wanted to honor the pharaohs even they were dead. 2. How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? - They preserved their bodies by mummifying the body. This process of preservation is called mummification. 3. Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? - The brain was removed from the dead body by the metal hook. You stick the metal hook a several times to break his brain into pieces. Then you put the pieces out through his nose. The brain was removed, because the Egyptians thought that they weren't that important. 4. Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? - The four organs that were removed from the body are intestines, stomach, liver, lungs. 5. What did they do with the heart? Why? - People left the hearts in the body because the Egyptians believed that the heart was the brain. Later they would put a heart amulet, protecting the body. 6. What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. - Natron is a salt that absorbs moisture. 7. How was [|linen] used during mummification? - We had to pack linen in mummy's stomach. 8. What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. - 9. What happens to the body after it was mummified? - After the body gets mummified, they are put into sarcophaguses.
 * Source:** [|How to Mummify Nefermaat]

=**__Assignment 3-4__**= - The one of the Egyptian gods or goddesses I would like to be is the sun god Ra. I would like to be the sun god Ra, he was the most important of the ancient Egyptians. Also, he was the father of all the gods, and I think it is cool to have a hawk head and have a headdress with a sun disk. - The one of the Egyptian gods or goddesses I would not want to be is Anubis. I would not want to be Anubis, because it was the god embalming and the dead. Embalming means to treat a body with preservation to keep it looking lifelike. Ancient Egyptians embalmers used natron and oils to preserve bodies. Also, I didn't like the fact that Anubis watched over the dead, and I would not like to be a guard in cemeteries. - There were barely any gods or goddesses that were similar. They had different names, characteristics and etc. But if I really had to pick gods or goddesses, one would be Hathor and Ishtar. They were both goddesses of love. Hathor was the goddess of love in Egypt and Ishtar was the god of love in Mesopotamia. Ishtar also represented Venus, the morning and evening star. Hathor was also known as the mother of the pharaoh. The other gods that I thought it was similar were Ra and Shamash, because they are both sun gods.
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and <span style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or <span style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

=**__Assignment 3-5__**= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. Grade each paragraph for quality: 4=outstanding work, detailed, correct and above the call of duty 3=very good work, completes assignment, is above average 2=completes assignment correctly, average work 1=does not complete assignment, needs work 0=does not follow directions, assignment missing

The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** - As a result, they built spectacular monuments to bury their rulers. Since the Egyptians believed that burial sites, especially, royal tombs were important and they thought their rulers were considered as gods, they built pyramids with huge, stone tombs with four humongous triangle-shaped sides that met in a point on top. The Egyptians first built the pyramids during the Old Kingdom. Many of the largest pyramids were built during this time and greatest pyramids were constructed during this time like the Great Pyramid of Khufu near the town of Giza. They built the pyramid with more then 2 million limestone blocks and it covered more than 13 acres at its base and it stands 481 feet high. To build a pyramid, it took thousands of workers and tens of thousands of people must have worked for decades. the Egyptians were very concentrated in the afterlife and inside the pyramid were clues to go through the seven gates of the underworld and become a part of the god Ra, to have immortal life. Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered as gods of Egypt.
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** - The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. By the time the Old Kingdom came to an end the pharaoh's wealth and powers were gone. Building and maintaining pyramids costed a lot of money. Pharaohs couldn't collect enough taxes to keep up with their expenses. At the same time, ambitious nobles used their government positions to take power from pharaohs. In time, nobles gained enough power to challenge the pharaohs. By about 2200 BC the Old Kingdom had fallen. For the next 160 years, local nobles ruled much of Egypt. The kingdom had no central ruler. After years of chaos the Middle Kingdom started. The middle kingdom was the kingdom of order. There were more laws and rules than there ever was in the Old Kingdom.
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** - The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period.
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

=__Assignment 3-7__= __Ancient Egypt Topic Peer Assessment__ Go to our YouTube Channel and login using the username and password given in class. You will assess your classmates' videos using the rubric for the ancient Egypt project and by answering the questions below. Each answer must be at least **two** sentences long. Post your assessment in the comments section under each classmate's video. Please make sure you include your first name only or your comment will be deleted. You must comment on **four** classmates' videos: (Note: YouTube has a 500 word limit on comments. You might have to divide your assessment comments into two posts.)
 * classmate above your name
 * classmate below your name
 * two other classmates of your choice

1. How did your classmate make the video interesting and creative? My classmate made the video interesting and creative by 2. Was it easy to understand your classmates presentation= including his/her voice? Why or why not?

3. Clearly explain two things you learned from your classmate's video.

=4. How could your classmate improve his/her video?=

=__Assignment 3-8__= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... - The papyrus. The reason why I chose the papyrus because we did a iMovie project about papyrus with Herim. I wanted to know how to make papyrus, so I made a video of me actually making a papyrus by myself. It was very cool to follow the steps of making papyrus and etc.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... - Something that confused me was by remembering all the Pharaohs, and monuments in Ancient Egypt. There was all kinds of different Pharaohs and monuments and it made me confused. Something that I didn't understand was the map. There are a lot of famous places in Egypt and we learned a lot of places with our scribble maps but I want to know all the places, but I sometimes forget some places that we have to know.

3. What surprised me the most was... - What surprised me the most learning Ancient Egypt unit was that they really think gods are very important and they respect them. It was surprising for me to know that they thought the Pharaohs were like gods.

4. I would like to know more about... - I would like to know more about the underworld. In this video we watched in class, there was a men going through scary and dangerous steps when they die. It was 12 steps. It might be scary to learn it but in the same time it might be cool thing to learn about.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... - The part that I think I will always remember was the papyrus. The final Ancient Egypt Project topic was the most thing that we learned about since we worked and researched on this project for a long time. Herim and I researched and read about papyrus and found some cool facts and found some facts we knew already from before. I really liked working on the topic papyrus and this would be a part that I think I will always remember.

=__Assignment (Monhenjo-Daro)__= 1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? - I learned that Mohenjo-Daro had a life that was almost same as us with advanced things. 2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew? - I think it shows us about people working in different jobs, and business of a city. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? - <span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua',helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">I think that Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city in many ways because they had very similar things comparing to right now. Plus, there were many advanced culture and technology, etc. like the sewer system, seals, games and more. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? - I think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region because many of them were not found because those came from long time ago. They couldn't make records back then because before they didn't have historical records. It takes a lot of time to find sculptures. 5. What do you think might have contricuted to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? - I think because of the changes that happened due to the climate and etc. It might be because of the natural disasters that happened like earthquake, hurricane and tornadoes. Or, the weather might have been changed like maybe the weather became dry and the places in Mohenjo-Daro became dried up.

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __ Assignment 4-1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? - The ways that my map is similar to the one that I see in the map above is that it has similar geographic features with my map. It has the Deccan Plateau, Himalaya Mountains, Hindu Kush Mountains, and more.
 * Questions:**

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? - On my map, the Sarasvati River is not shown.

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. - I think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers because near the river is fertile and it is good for farming. These rivers provided fresh water for people, and brought rich soils. Also, these rivers provided a convenient, comfortable, and a efficient way to trade with other people by riding the boats.

4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? - Ancient Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because after Sarasvati rivers dried out and turned it into like a desert, people needed a more habitable place where they could farm with rich soils and where they could easily trade. One of the places could be like Ganga river bank.

__** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? - The things that were discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro were a necklace, a figurine,a female figurine, a terracotta tablet, a set of weights, a model cart, a seal, and a metal plate. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? - Mohenjo-Daro is similar to out cities today by having the sewer system, having public bath, also the buildings in Mohenjo-Daro was made out of bricks, and they also had drains to let out dirty water. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? - Mohenjo-Daro had advanced technology and culture and the sewer system made me think that Mohenjo-Daro is pretty advanced. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. - The people of Mohenjo-Daro were very advanced. Necklaces were found in the site, which means that there were craftworkers who made these and probably had a rich woman who would buy these necklaces, which are made of expensive and rare gold. The people of Mohenjo-Daro cared about their appearance and I can tell because of the kind of beads and jewelry that were found in Mohenjo-Daro. The merchants had a very advanced market too, because they used something called seals, which were used to make an impression on wet clay. Archaeologists suspect that these seals were used as tags. There were boats and carts to move goods over water and land. There is evidence because there was a toy model cart found. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? - The Priest-King statue was first found in Lower town at Mohenjo-Daro in 1927. He wore a head decoration. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? - The Great Bath was a huge public bath in Mohenjo-Daro. It had little dress rooms around the pool and when the water got dirty it was taken away by a 6-foot tall drain that went through the west side of the Great Bath.
 * __ Assignment 4-2

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __ Assignment 4-3 __**
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" caption="external image pdf.png" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Archeologists+Ideas+Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf]

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?

**Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?
 * __ Assignment 4-4 __**

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? - Having a central government helps in planning and organizing a city because all the people will follow the same rules and religion. You could also have more complex system, such as controlling the sewage, and people would follow the rules. 2. Who were Rajahs? - Rajahs were rulers of the city. 3. What is a Guru? - Guru is a type of teacher who lived with his student until he became 20. 4. What subjects were taught in school? - Like discipline, religion, government, and etc. 5. Who was in charge of the government? - Indus priests were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? - People looked up to the priests because their varna is in the highest level and made offering to the gods.

**
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**
 * Creating an Illustrated Ramayana Poem

=__Assignment 4-6__= = **After completing your** __** Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India **__ sheet answer the following comprehension questions: = == 1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? == - The main ideas that expressed in Ashoka's edicts were Buddhist values, security, justice and general welfare. == 2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? == - Ashoka wanted his people to believe in the same idea. He tried to unite everything in one way. == 3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? == - It united the citizens to believe in Buddhism of India and making everyone the same religion. == 4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? == - Ashoka had a strong army that helped people to trust in his kingdom and the security. Having a good life in the kingdom made it contribute to the unification of India. Also the Mauryan Empire was very strong when Ashoka became king. ==== ==5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way == == (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) == - One of the edicts could be put into Buddhist Values instead of the security because one of the edicts it talks what Ashoka's desire is.

=__Assignment 4-7__=
 * Source:** Online Textbook pages 162-171


 * Directions:** You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
 * Group 1: The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
 * Group 2: The Gupta Empire (page 164-165)
 * Group 3: Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
 * Group 4: Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)

Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:

__**Steps**__
 * 1) Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
 * 2) Take notes in your notebook and answer the **//Reading Check//** question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from **page 176** (section 4 or 5).
 * 3) Decide how you are going to present the information to your students. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
 * 4) How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes.
 * 5) Your students must do the work you give them and they must do the following:
 * add at least three important events to their timelines (you choose the events)

= = =__Assignment 6-3__= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

=__Assignment 6-4__=

Do a search for three Minoan and three Mycenaean artifacts and draw them in your notebook. Check the information in wiki 2 for ideas about what to search for (Minoan bull leaping is interesting). Under each picture, write a one-sentence caption describing the artifact and what it tells us about each civilization.