Callum

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common? They both liked to trade.// //2. In what ways were the Minion and the Mycenaean civilizations different? The minions traded vases and the Mycenaeans traded masks.// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minion civilization are found at Mycenaean? Because They Invaded Mycenaean.// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenaean, might Minion civilization have influenced? Knossos.// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history? The Art work.// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the and the Mycenaeans was similar.// //Minions They both traded.//




 * =**__Assignment 4-6__**=
 * Source:** Online Textbook pages 162-171


 * Directions:** You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
 * Group 1: The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
 * Group 2: The Gupta Empire (page 164-165)
 * Group 3: Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
 * Group 4: Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)

Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:

__**Steps**__ ==** 1. What are the main ideas **After completing your Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India ** sheet answer the following comprehension questions: expressed in Ashoka's edicts? Ashoka's expressions were expressed in his edicts because all edicts were Buddhist related, this proves he was devoted to Buddhism. 2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? Ashoka's leader ship promoted india because he made on of the first set of laws, these sets of laws supported the road to a unification of India. 3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? Ashoka's beliefs contributed to the unification of india because he was a devoted Buddhist And believed in total peace, this prevented any threat from other states and kept the unified country together. 4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? Happy citizens may have also contributed in the unification of india, because with full support from the citizens of his empire this allowed the government to make stronger decisions with out having to worry about a political uprising or a revolution. **== ==**5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) I think that justice, law, moral, military protection and diplomacy should be a category instead of the categories we were given. **==
 * 1) Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
 * 2) Take notes in your notebook and answer the **//Reading Check//** question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from **page 176** (section 4 or 5).
 * 3) Decide how you are going to present the information to your students. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
 * 4) How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes.
 * 5) Your students must do the work you give them and they must do the following:
 * add at least three important events to their timelines (you choose the events) ||

__Assignment 4-5__ Website: [|India-Government]

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? having a central government help in planning and organizing a city so they could put rules and implore and set tax to build more buildings. 2. Who were Rajahs? Rulers princes of the city. 3. What is a Guru? A Guru is a spiritual teacher 4. What subjects were taught in school? In school all subjects were of a religious nature. 5. Who was in charge of the government? Rajas were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? People looked up to priests to seek the gods advise.

1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? I was the warrior and law maker. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? my favorite part was getting to boss the lower class around, because it was fun to have power. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? When the brahmans got to boss me about, because it was not fun to be bossed about. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? Yes because the people in the higher class deserved to be there because they did good in class. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? Yes because that would teach people to be good.
 * __Assignment 4-4__ **
 * Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

=I **n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient** Sarasvati River **. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today. Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.** Questions:
 * 1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above?

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map?  Sarasvati River 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details.  Because it is a fertile area of land. 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? Because it was also fertile.** __Assignment 4-2__ ** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in** complete sentences **with** clear details **on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? A bath, sculptures, and statues. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? It had pluming. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? It was a modern improved city 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. The wealthy people lived a great life, from the artifacts they probably had sculptures and statues build for them. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?  It was a public bath it was used as a public wash room.** __Assignment 4-3__ Source: ** [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf] Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page.** Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.
 * 1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? I learned that in daily life in Mohenjo-Daro that everything in the society depended on the specialization of labor.

2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. On these artifacts I saw the specialization of labor.

3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? I think that the vast plumbing made mohenjo daro like a modern city.

4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?

5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? Invasions from another city might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. Assignment 3-8**= __Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.__

__1. The single most important thing I learned was...__ The single most important thing I learned was about the pharaohs and how they were gods.

__2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was__... Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was Hapsetthet I and how she was a fe male pharaoh __3. What surprised me the most was...__ What surprised me the most was playing the mummification game because it was different to what we where doing

__4. I would like to know more about.__.. I would like to know more about Egyptian warfare because I find that interesting.

__5. The part that I think I will always remember was...__ The part that I think I will always remember was The Egyptian afterlife because it was fun and freaky to learn.

__Part 3__ Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The reign of haptsetshut I made trade expand segnifsently, she traded with other Mediterranean islands across the sea separating Africa from Europe. She was doing so well until she was murdered and had her body burned by her jelouse son. For the Conquered Civilians life was horrible because they had a different god or goddess, different leader. ECT... For the Conquerers life was excellent to always boss every body around. the Egyptians destroyed the last Hittite fort on Egyptian soil, under the reign of rameses II.
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

=**__Assignment 3-5__**= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page.**

The pyramids were a burial place for a pharaoh, for example the pyramid of Giza was built for pharaoh Kufu I According to archeologists the bible story about slaves from Jerusalem being forced to build the pyramids was false. The pyramids were the most important buildings of the Egyptian society, because it was believed to contain the Pharaoh, the human version of the gods. (each pharaoh represented a different god). __Part 1__ The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The pyramids were a burial place for a pharaoh, for example the pyramid of Giza was built for pharaoh Kufu I According to archeologists the bible story about slaves from Jerusalem being forced to build the pyramids was false. the workers of the pyramids were lower class Egyptian civilians, no archeological proof yet states that slaves were forced to build it. The pyramids were the most important buildings of the Egyptian society, because it was believed to contain the Pharaoh, the human version of the gods. (each pharaoh represented a different god).
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Some of the main differences in the middle kingdom from the old kingdom were: The tombs couldn't be grave robbed because they were to well hidden, the Egyptians expanded from the nile, and the pharaohs were trusted more among the people. In the middle kingdom Egypt quelled an invasion from the Nubians, they also destroyed the last Hittite fort on Egyptian soil, under the reign of rameses During the middle kingdom life was better then the old kingdom because Egypt's Empire expanded and many great types of literature came out, and trade expanded to many different countries increasing the food supply. =Paragraph= The pyramids were a burial place for a pharaoh, for example the pyramid of Giza was built for pharaoh Kufu I According to archeologists the bible story about slaves from Jerusalem being forced to build the pyramids was false. It was known as the pyramid age because it was the only kingdom in Egypt to have pyramids, they were too easy to rob. The pyramids were the most important buildings of the Egyptian society, because it was believed to contain the Pharaoh, the human version of the gods. (each pharaoh represented a different god). In the middle kingdom Egypt quelled an invasion from the Nubians, they also destroyed the last Hittite fort on Egyptian soil, under the reign of rameses II. The pyramids were a burial place for a pharaoh, for example the pyramid of Giza was built for pharaoh Kufu I According to archeologists the bible story about slaves from Jerusalem being forced to build the pyramids was false. Some of the main differences in the middle kingdom from the old kingdom were: The tombs couldn't be grave robbed because they were to well hidden, the Egyptians expanded from the nile, and the pharaohs were trusted more among the people. In the middle kingdom Egypt quelled an invasion from the Nubians, =3=
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Assignment 3-4 Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. I would not like to be teafnut because she was created by spit. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**. = = I think think marduk was like Ra Because he was the god who created his civilization.
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . I would like to be Ra because he is the sun god which is the main god.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

= = =media type="custom" key="4949235"= = = = = = = = = = = =** __Assignment 3-3__**= A special type of salt. and gold paint. They put a special type of salt and wrap up the body several times. This process was called mummification. They Got a Steel stick and Pocked into their head. lungs, large, intestine, small intestine, Heart. They put it in a separate container. They put it in a another container, because he couldn't have it the afterlife. Natron came from the ex capital city theebes. it was used For sculptures Linen was used to stuff the pharaoh's body, in order to replace the vital organs. The amulets was used to make the pharaoh look fancy when he died. It was put into a beautiful Coffin, mostly placed in the valley of the kings.
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies?
 * 1) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
 * 1) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
 * 1) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
 * 1) What did they do with the heart? Why?
 * 1) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
 * 1) How was [|linen] used during mummification?
 * 1) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 1) What happens to the body after it was mummified?

=**__Assignment 3-2__**=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I would feel a little nervous making decisions in front of a man chosen by the gods. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? It was known as the new kingdom. From 16th century BCE - 11th century BCE. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. The Egyptians felt that their country was protected by the gods because, they thought their Pharaoh was chosen by the gods. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? The pharaoh's responsibilities were, to make sure all the right sacrifices were going to the right gods, and that religion was being practiced properly. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? The specific monument representing Kufu is the great Pyramid of Giza. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) The main structure of the old kingdom, would be a step pyramid such as the Pyramid in Saqqara in which Pharaoh Djosser built. (The pharaoh was the top man during the old kingdom he was in the top class along with viziers priests and merchants) The lower class people which took up 80 % of the population where peasants slaves and crafts people. 7 b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? The Advantage of having lots of the above is that for the rich and upper class citizens life is easy, the disadvantage is that some has to be at least a few people who do the work. 8.c. What did farmers do during flood season? The farmers waited until after the nile flood to plant crops, they waited because the nile brought silt, (rich and fertile salt and soil). 9. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). The Egyptians Traded with their southern allies in Africa Punt, They traded : Ivory tusks, Gold, Cheetah skin, Greyhounds, Ostrich feathers, and rare wood. 10. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence.3 To buy or obtain an asset. 11. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? In page 94 the viziers would sit next to the Pharaoh. And watch over every thing he did, He was his right hand man you can say.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = =Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea. = = = = = = = = = = =Class Mesopotamian map.=

media type="custom" key="4929657"

=The Hittites=


 * ==Six Characteristics of Civilization== || == ==

**Explanation**
|| ==Evidence for Characteristic== ||
 * 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. || There was law and enforcement. but were ruled by a monarchy. || Only a small number of crimes ended in capital punishment. ||
 * 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. || The hittites had an ample food supply. || the food came from the caspian sea ||
 * 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. || The hittites had different jobs then each other. || Many people in hittites were in the army. (very few people had well paid jobs) ||
 * 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. || There where different social levels. || There was a hierarchy like the king, priests, workers, slaves. ||
 *  5. highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. || The Hittites had a highly developed culture. but mostly art and music. || The Hittites had published some of the first music, and art works. ||
 *  6. A religious system, which might include priests and temple. || The Hittites had a religious system. (jewish) || The Hittites created the jewish religion. ||

=Assyrians= []

[]

=Hittites= []

[]

=Chaldeans= []

[]

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? To keep rules even. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? It was taken over by the Babylon empire 3. Where was Babylon located? On the gulf of persia. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king?. Hammurabi 1975 bce 5. What is a monarch? A king of an empire 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? The babylon empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? communication skills. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? Every body had to have the same language and the same religion. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. It was easier to communicate. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? Rebellion took over the babylon empire. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. I think the law was good for communication.

=**__Assignment 2-6__**= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? My favorite part of the game was trading with other class mates, because it helped me get a monopoly on stones.

2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? During the game I felt like I was going out of business, because I was running out of materials.

3. What part of the game was difficult for you? The hardest thing about the game was getting a monopoly for stone materials.

4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? I think the advantage of getting a monopoly was that every body would come to you for materials, which would mean you would be in business and could trade for better things.

5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? If I played again I would make there be no monopolies, because it makes the game selfish.

6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

I think the main strategy in that game was to be selfish because if you are in a group you have to share materials.
=** __Assignment 2-5__ **= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.

peacful A king in sumer religeon writing an over seas colonie He was the first emporrer over 50 years they were conquered by Ur sumer yes. Because they had a huge defense wall, an complex irrigation, and trade system.
 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) Sumer
 * 3) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 1) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 1) What did Sargon establish?
 * 1) Define 'empire'.
 * 1) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 1) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 1) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 1) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 1) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

=**__Assignment 2-4__**= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic.

1. In the U.S the members of society may vote for a leader or some one to vote about societies interests. 2. In the U.S there are a regular food supply that comes from other nations like Britain or China, which is not likely change unless the trade and alliance stops. 3.In the U.S different people have different jobs, like a builder has a different job and responsibilities then a hotel general manager. (If you do one job for the whole time you would be an expert at that job.) 4. There are different levels of class because the U.S is a capitalist state, a capitalist state supports free market trade, which leads to people getting wealthier and poorer. Normally richer people have a higher level of society. 5. The U.S has a highly developed culture, there are many artists in the U.S, there are allot of authors, architects, scientists, and especially music, like many of the popular bands in the U.S. To stop people getting bored, people use culture for entertainment. 6. There are many religions in the U.S like Buddhists and Confucianism for the Asian community, but mostly christian. There are many sought of religion because lots of immigrants from different countries and spread their religion. 

also 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? I think a civilization needs all the characteristics except the religious system, because there would be less unrest if every body could have the religion they wanted. There would be more peace as most wars are started because of religious differences. 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temple.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-3__= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? The fertile crescent got its name because it was crescent shaped and it was good for growing crops

2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? The most important part of making Mesopotamia fertile was that all the food supported the city states that grew.

3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? The division of labor meant that one person could concentrate on one job and not worry about other jobs.

4. How might running large project like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? Maintaining a complex irrigation system was important because it prepared people for leadership. =Assignment 2-2=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? Use of a bucket. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? By building levees and reservoir to protect the land scape ie the water had some place to collect 3. Over time, carrying buckets water f to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? Reservoirs, levees,canals and dams helped make farming life easy because, once they were introduced farmers no longer had to trek miles to collect water with a bucket, they could just wait for the water to come to them. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? Aid. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? The water supply ran out, because all their reserve water was drying and no more water was coming in. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? By making sure the water is flowing smoothly and making sure there is no blockage.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? By helping fellow villages against attacks. For example making a perimeter wall. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? By the irrigation or lake system, allowing people to sail to one another. 3. What did many villages grow into? City states. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? The region is the middle east. The people are Arabs, Egyptians, Iraqis, and Iranians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? By blocking up the irrigation path that leads to their city. (Making a dam). 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? Because there was no mountains in there way to the other city. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? Setting up walls and moats around the village, this was effective because people could not climb the wall or get across the water.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

**Objectives**

 * identify probable factors in the development of city-states in Mesopotamia
 * list the key features of a Sumerian city-state

__Factors of development__
1. Civilization started, communities formed. 2. Agriculture started/irrigation. 3. village population started to grow. 4. division of labor started. 5. people formed governments and leadership started.

=__Key facts About Sumaria__= 1. At the beginning of sumer most people were farmers. 2. First sumerian city had 10,000 residents. 3. The amount of country side depended on military strength. 4. Strong thick walls were built around the city for defense. 5. Religion was an important part for a Sumerian city. 6. Trade impacted Sumerian society.

Maps
=**__<span style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;"> Assignment 9__**= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... How the stone age people made tools, because it allowed them to hunt 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... how advanced the tools of Catal Huyuk were. Because it was a long time ago. 3. What surprised me the most was... the puppet show project because we spent a lot of time studeing out of the text book. So it was a big change 4. I would like to know more about... the early civilizations because that confused me. I would like to know more about irrigation and domesticayion of animals. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... the test because I will always know that I could do better. =**__Assignment 8__**= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? the thing that surprised me the most about Catal Huyuck was that the surgery was so advanced being able to cue Okie. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuck you knew already from class? Three things I knew about Catal Huyuck before class were That they were a big village, it was located in modern day Turkey. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old girl living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) Three differences between my life and hers are that in my life we drive to the store to get food in her life she makes her own food, In my life I can go to a restaurant and they will cook food for me but in Jookies life she has to cook it her self, I can ride a plane when I want to leave the country Jookey has to walk.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * <span class="wiki_link_new">Catal Huyuk video 2

=**__Hominids and their Characteristics.__** =
 * Homo habilis learned how to control fire.
 * Homo sapiens knew how to make fire.
 * Australopithecus walked on two legs.
 * Homo sapiens migrated across the world.
 * Homo sapiens are the exact same people as we are today.
 * Homo erectus was upright man.
 * Australopithecus was discovered by Donald Johanson.

As pects of Daily life effects notes

food source...?

=**Vocabulary:**= =**Time lines**= = = =**Other notes:**=

`

=** Assignment 7**= __Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

Answer these questions__ **__clearly__** __and__ **__completely__** __on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period?__ In the paleolithic period very little agriculture was around. And in the neolithic period agriculture expanded.

__2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period?__ Yes because people could eat if they grew hungry.

__3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?__ They were less prepared when it came to a drought.

__assignment 7__ What continent did all the hominids come from?

What is the name of the first apes that walked on two legs?

What event changed apes to walk on two legs?

Assignment 6 Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). by making new tools. Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? neolithic age. 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? stone they used it for tips of knifes, spears and arrows 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? flint hommosapiens 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? because it was a big change 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? lived and were originated 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? camels, tigers. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? europe 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. I wouldn't hunt, I wouldn't run for food and I would grow food.

Assignment 5 __Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions **clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page.__
 * 1) __Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**?__ So we can understand how we evolved from apes to humans.
 * 2) __What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?__ You could gather fruit from trees more easily.
 * 3) __What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**?__ They used stone or rock.
 * 4) __Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.__ I would use wood and stone to make a knife so I could cut food.
 * 5) __What is a **hunter-gatherer**?__ some one who hunts and collects food
 * 6) __In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?__ in my opinion the creation of language improved peoples ability to communicate with one another.
 * 7) __Define the boldfaced words above.__ Prehistory defines the early modern humans. Tools are the objects people use to help themselves with in daily life. The Paleolithic era is the first stone age. A Hunter gatherer is some one who hunts and collects food.

=__Assignment 4__= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? africa 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? australiar pithicous aferenfes 3. How long ago did Lucy live? 200,000 years Look at the text again 4. What was an important step in human development? because they walked on two legs 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus walks on two legs Don't they all walk on two legs? There is more information than this on that chart that you should reference.
 * Homo habilis start to evolve
 * Homo erectus looking like modern humans
 * Homo sapiens are modern humans

Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My role was to create and play the character Ra. 2. What Problems did your group run into? Our trouble was loosing the puppets we made. 3. How did your group deal with these problems? We solved our problem by leaving the puppets in a safe file at school. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. Two similarities between the two groups were that they involved gods and the gods all made humans 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). Similar features happened in China and Egypt`s origin stories where, they both involved gods making companions. The difference was that in Egypt`s story the god Ra created humans by accident. In China`s origin story God created humans on purpose because she was lonely.
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

=__Assignment 2__= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. 1. how many events occurred BCE. 2. how many events occurred during the CE. 3. what happened during the 20th century. 4. how many events happened during the 19th century. 5.how many years have past since the invention of auto mobiles. incomplete

= =

__Assignment__ <span class="currency_converter_link">__1__ Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? CE 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 100BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, AD 2000 AD 1215 3. if you read any events that happened in ad 100 what would that mean type here. ad would be 100 years into the common era