Allison

= =

=Assignment 6-3= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// They liked to trade //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// They trades vases/ vases //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// They invaded Mycenae. //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced//?//// ////Knossos//// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// The civilization

=Assignment 6-2=


 * Homer**

The [|Odyssey] is a 12,000-line Greek [|epic] poem dating from the eighth century B.C.E. An epic poem is a long poem divided into sections, or "books," that focuses on the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a hero. According to ancient Greek tradition, heroes were men who were born to one [|divine] and one human parent. The story of The Odyssey recounts the adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus during his 10-year voyage home to[| Ithaca] after the end of the [|Trojan War] in the thirteenth century B.C.E. Odysseus is considered the ideal Greek hero: an [|aristocratic] soldier of superior strength, intelligence, and courage, favored by the Gods. The poem is traditionally [|ascribed] to [|Homer] (circa 700 B.C.E.), who is considered the earliest Greek poet. Little is known about Homer's life, but ancient Greek playwrights referred to him as a "gifted blind poet." Some scholars believe that a line from a choral song attributed to Homer confirms this description: "If anyone should ask you whose song is sweetest, say: blind is the man and he lives in rocky Chios." Other scholars believe that "Homer" was the name given to a collective group of [|bards] who sang [|Mycenaean] folktales to entertain the nobles of [|Ionia], located on the west coast of [| Asia Minor]. It is generally believed that the exact author of The Odyssey is not as important as the ancient Greek values it contains. By listening to the stories in the poem, ancient Greeks learned standards of honorable behavior. These values, forged in the "Age of Heroes" during the Mycenaean Period, became the foundations of ancient Greek society.

Review the following Greek Values with your partner. Make sure you understand each idea. [|Athleticism] [|Hospitality] [|Ingenuity] [|Intuition] [|Justice] [|Loyalty] [| Respect] [|Teamwork]

=__Assignment 4-7__=
 * Source:** Online Textbook pages 162-171


 * Directions:** You are a sage and you will teach your classmates a part of ancient India's history. The four parts (groups) are...
 * Group 1: The Mauryan Empire (page 162-163, 166)
 * Group 2: The Gupta Empire (page 164-165) I'm GROUP 2!! ㅋㅋㅋㅋ
 * Group 3: Indian Achievements- Religious Art & Sanskrit Literature (page 167-169)
 * Group 4: Indian Achievements- Scientific Advances (page 170-171)

Each part has (or might have) pictures, illustrations, maps, dates, vocabulary words, and important people. Your job as a sage is to become an expert on your part so you will be able to comfortably and confidently teach others. Remember that if you don't understand the information, you won't be able to teach others properly. Follow these steps to become a great sage:

__**Steps**__ = =
 * 1) Read all the information on the pages you are responsible for. Don't just read the main parts, look at the other information such as maps or diagrams or pictures.
 * 2) Take notes in your notebook and answer the **//Reading Check//** question after each section to make sure you understand the information. You also have to answer the questions about your section from **page 176** (section 4 or 5).
 * 3) Decide how you are going to present the information to your students. Will you just talk about the information (this can be boring) or will you use visuals or give a slideshow presentation (this can be more interesting)? Remember that your students have not read the information and are counting on you to teach them in an interesting and educational way.
 * 4) How will you check if your students understood the information? Will you make up questions to ask them? What else will you do? Will you ask your students to create something that shows their understanding? Think about how you are taught at school and the activities you do in your classes.
 * 5) Your students must do the work you give them and they must do the following:
 * add at least three important events to their timelines (you choose the events)

=**__ Assignment 4-5 __**=
 * Creating an Illustrated Ramayana Poem **

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? The layout of the city was similar for most of the other cities. 2. Who were Rajahs? They were the rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? A guru is a type of teacher. 4. What subjects were taught in school? The subjects had to do with religious nature and the government. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The Indus priests. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? They were the highest people when thinking about the social levels/

Assignment 4-4 __** **Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? I was a laborer. Laborers were called Sudras. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? I didn't really have a favorite part, because I had to work for Brahmans and other higher leveled people. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? I had a lot of parts that I was frustrated because I had to serve people to get drinks for them, hold the water fountain button. and etc.i don't think it's 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?
 * __ [[file:Textbook Reading Questions.pages]]

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __ Assignment 4-1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.


 * Questions:**

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. 5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River?

Answers 1) My map is similar because my map has the same features and the rivers are same, and etc. 2) The western and eastern ghats are not labeled. 3) I think there were settlements because the rivers were fertile, and people can make a lot of crops in fertile land. 4) The Indus and the Sarasvati rivers were fertile, and you could grow crops. 5) They migrated because the river was too fertile.

__** Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? **A bath, sculptures, and statues.**
 * __ Assignment 4-2

2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? There are wells connected to sewage systems.

3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? They had culture, jobs, and buildings. That can show that Mohenjo Daro was very advanced.

4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. Rich people had enough money to have good jobs, buy jewelery, and goods. However poor people had to work for labor to survive, and didn't have houses made of bricks.

5. What do we know about the Priest-King? He might have been a really important goddish person to the people who lived in Mohenjo- Daro, because the was like the supreme god.

6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? It was a public bath and dressing rooms.

=__Assignment 4-3__= 1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
 * They were very different than I thought in a way. I thought they wouldn't be able to bathe in bathing pools. Then when I saw that they also had games, dice, and etc. Therefore I think that the most important thing I learned in this activity was that people in Mohenjo- Daro also lived like modern people these days.**

2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?
 * In this picture, it shows a lot of people working and laboring. They looked like they were mostly men.**

3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
 * In Monhenjo- Daro, people played games, bathed in bathing pools, and etc. Another reason is that people worked to live.**

4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
 * Because it was such a long time ago, the information or edivence might have been lost or damaged.**

5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro? Maybe there was famine, lots of floods, and etc.

=media type="custom" key="4943393" width="120" height="120"= == =Assignment 3-8= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... I learned that that people met at places to trade with each other.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... I was confused when we learned about the middle kingdom.

3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me most was when we learned about gods and goddesses because there were a lot of similar gods.

4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about the Nile River. ( I was absent for a week that time)

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... I think I will always remember the part when we learned about the Egyptian games and activities (the project).

=**__Assignment 3-6__**=


 * Due Dates:

A Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 B Block- Monday Feb. 22 F Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 **


 * Task:** You are to research your assigned topic from Egyptian history and create a video presentation using iMovie or Keynote. The video presentation should be 3-4 minutes and include the following required elements:


 * 1) Introduce your topic to the audience and explain the importance of your subject in Ancient Egypt.
 * 2) Explain and show where your topic belongs on a map of Egypt. You may have to be creative with this part because your topic might not be from one area.
 * 3) Present 5 interesting facts you have learned about your subject from your research. Include dates and/or which kingdom (old, middle, new).
 * 4) Identify at least one of the Characteristics of Civilization that is evident in your topic and explain how your topic relates to the characteristic.
 * 5) How does your topic relate to our society today?
 * 6) Include appropriate images/video to make your presentation clear and interesting.
 * 7) Use your own voice for the audio part of your presentation.
 * 8) You (and your partner) must appear in the video for at least 30 seconds as you present your information.
 * 9) Conclude your presentation by restating the significance (importance) of your topic to history.
 * 10) Use at least four different sources. At least one of your sources must be from the [|KIS Library Resources.] At least one resource should be a book.
 * 11) Cite any images that you use at the end.
 * 12) Cite your sources at the end.

__**Helpful Hints**__
 * Follow the steps above in order. Your research will be first, then you will start working on the iMovie.
 * You will be asked to show your progress on this project in every class before the due date. **Your progress will be graded.**

=__Assignment 3-5__= =** Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. Grade each paragraph for quality: **= 4=outstanding work, detailed, correct and above the call of duty 3=very good work, completes assignment, is above average 2=completes assignment correctly, average work 1=does not complete assignment, needs work 0=does not follow directions, assignment missing

The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

=__Assignment 3-4__=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Part 1: I would like to be Sekhet. Sekhmet is the "powerful one" and was the goddess of war. Her appearance is a woman with a lioness head, surmounted by the solar disk and the Uraeus. From her appearance, I think she is very tough and harmful to other countries, and etc. destructive. The god or goddess I wouldn't want to be is the god Atum. Atum is " The All" or the "perfection." I wouldn't want to be this god since I think he would be an ego. Since everyone thought Atum created everything, I think that he would think himself as the best and boast a lot.

Part 2: I found some similar gods, such as Ra and Anu. They are they are both "in the sky" gods, since Ra is the sun god and Anu is the sky god. Also, Anu is the supreme ruler of all the gods. Ra was the most important god of the Ancient Egyptians.

=__**Assignment 3-3**__=
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies?
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why?
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification?
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified?

Answers 1. They were to honor the pharaohs even after death. 2. It's called mummification. They preserved the bodies by salting it, painting it, and wrapping it. 3. It was removed by putting a metal hook and getting it out through the nose. It was because Egyptians didn't think it was important. 4. a) intestines b) stomach c) liver d) lungs They were put in a canopic jar. 5. They just left out the heart. This was because they thought the spirit of the pharaoh is left. 6. Natron was salt that was used for making the pharaohs fatter. 7. Linen is the thing that people used to put in their stomach to make them fatter after taking out the natron. 8. They were protective charms and Egyptians thought that it would protect the body. One example is the heart amulet, and there was also a health amulet. 9. The mummy had a mask on it, and then the body was moved into caskets.

=__Assignment 3-2__=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? = = Answers 1. I would try to work hard for the pharaoh since if I weren’t working for the pharaoh, I would end up having no job. 2. The third dynasty is the old kingdom. It started in 2700 BCE 2200 BCE. 3. They felt good since they thought their pharaohs came to Egypt for the rest of the gods. 4. The responsibilities were to care for people's healthiness, good crops, no wars, good trades, and etc. 5. Khufu was best known for his monuments. A specific monument built for him was the Great Pyramid. 6a. The Egyptians believed that a well ordered kingdom would make their society strong. The pharaoh was in the highest position, then, nobles, scribes and craftspeople, and lastly farmers,servants, and slaves. 6b. The levels are: pharaoh, noble, craft man, and the pheasants. 6c. They worked on the farmers' working projects. 7.People traded leopard skin, Ostrich feathers, gold, copper, ivory, slaves, wood, and stones.They traded with Sryia. 8.Acquire means to come into possession. Sentence: I acquire my whole pencil case section. 9. In the place of pharaohs.

= = == = = = =

= __Assignment 3-1__ =


 * Source: Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**

(Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. **(Use the textbook to help you with this part.)** done~ 3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry 4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), and the oasis of Faiyum-Include dates, palm trees, and crocodiles. Provide an image and a description for each historic site 5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Hermopolis, Akhetaten, Memphis, Bubastis. Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine 6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta, the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.
 * 2. Label the Red Sea. done~ **
 * 7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt done~ **

=__Assignment 2-8__= =Characteristics of Civilization= = __Civilization Name:__ Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? = =Assyrians= []
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed**answers in the chart, on your wiki page.

[]

=Hittites= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=Chaldeans= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM]

= ** __Assignment 2-7__ ** = Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? 3. Where was Babylon located? 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? 5. What is a monarch? 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. Answers: 1. I would advise the King to saying normal people or poor people should have the same rights as high class people, such as punishment. For example, if a poor person accidentally did something wrong, he or she should get the same punishment as a higher person who did the same thing wrong. I would advise him to not make normal people have worse punishments then the richer people. 2. In Ur by 2000 BCE, Ur lost their power because foreign cities started attacking Ur after the death of Sargon. 3. Babylon was located on the Euphrates River neat what is today Baghdad, Iraq. 4. The King of Babylon was Hammurabi. He became the King in 1792. 5. A monarch is ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. He called it Babylonian Empire. 7. He ruled a huge empire. Also, he oversaw many building and irrigation project and improved Babylon's tax collection system to help pay for them. 8. The Hammurabi's code is a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life.

=
10. After Hammurabi was dead, unfortunately the Babylonian Empire's power went down. This was similar to the Akkadian Empire because in the Akkadian and the Babylonian Empire, when he died, the power decreased.======

=
11. If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. (#6) I disagree to this law because the person who stole it might just give it to an innocent person and that person would have to be killed for no reason.======

If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. (#22) I disagree because that person might be mistaken just near by and the real person might have ran away.
If he break another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken.(#197) I think that this is unfair because if one person broke someone else's bone accidentally, they would have to break their bone, even on an accident.

=**__Assignment 2-6__**= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? Answers: 1. I liked when we traded our goods for other stuff because it sometimes helped me but sometimes made me lose my good ones. 2. I felt really competitive because I wanted to get a monopoly. 3. I thought that when other people wanted to make a monopoly on the same good as you, they wouldn't give it to you. 4. People would only come to you for the product and you can make the price higher. 5. Next time, when we start, everyone should have different cards because this way, it is easier for people to make monopolies this way. 6. It is easier to cooperate because if you choose not to make a monopoly on that product, if you were being selfish, they wouldn't want to trade with you again. **
 * 6 . In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

= __Assignment 2-5__ = Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 4) What did Sargon establish?
 * 5) Define 'empire'.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

1. They lived north from Sumer. 2. They lived in peace. 3. Sargon was an Akkadian emperor. He conquered northern Mesopotamia. 4. He established being the world's first empire. 5. Empire- a government in which the head of state is an emperor or empress.  6. He conquered a lot of places, and after he died, the rulers couldn't protect Akkada from other places unlike Sargon could.  7. He ruled for 50 years. 8. Since they couldn't protect their city, they failed. 9. Ur became the most powerful civilization. 10. There were a lot of walls.

=**__Assignment 2-4__**= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. In Korea, I think that for the first example, since most of the system in Korea is controlled by the president. In the second characteristic, people can buy food in markets or stores and etc., they can get food supply anywhere. In the third characteristic, most people have jobs, so they can earn their own money. In the fourth example, for an example, if you walk around in the street, there's poor people and some people who look really rich. It mostly depends on their families, and their jobs to make them poor or rich. In the fifth example, in Korea, we have art, (but I forgot the name) architecture, music, such as K-POP. Also, there is literature. Koreans have our own language. Korea also has science. It is such things as tall buildings, technology, and etc. The last one is writing. Koreans do not use another language, we have Korean. In the sixth example, I think Korea has a religious system, because there are a lot of temples and churches. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? I think it doesn't because some might not have a religion. Not all places have places in Korea necessarily has to have different social levels, such as in the countryside.

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-3__= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? It got the name because there was rich soil. 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? The most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile was the water and the lakes. 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? Since everyone had something that they had to do, or if they had a certain job, it was faster. 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? Since people were prepare for the future, running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system would prepare people.

=__Assignment 2-2__=

Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System & Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities to help you answer the questions.

Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? They carried water in buckets and brought them.

2. How did farmers prevent flooding? They built levees.

3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please clearly explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? They didn't have to carry water around. farmers poked a hole in the levees and water came out. Then, they made canals.

4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? surplus

5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? The other places' canals would stop working, too.

6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? They worked together to take care of the complex irrigation system.

Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? They helped each other by working together.

2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? They would make a canal.

3. What did many villages grow into? They grew into a town or a city.

4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? The region is called Sumer and the people are called Sumerians.

5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? They blocked other city's canals.

6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? There were no surrounding to protect it.

7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? The best defense plan is to build or make surroundings to keep you safe.

**Objectives**

 * identify probable factors in the development of city-states in Mesopotamia
 * list the key features of a Sumerian city-state

You are a Villager in Neolithic Mesopotamia. Click on the links below to read about the problems faced by <span class="wiki_link">Neolithic Sumerians and decide how you will solve each problem with your group. Event A: Food Shortage Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex System Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities

=__Assignment 2-1__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to// help you answer the questions.**
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? I think the technology that improved and the food supply helped to grow in Mesapotamia. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? Cultivate means to grow things. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? They didn't have enough land for all of the farmers to farm on. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? I think the best way to deal with food shortage is to move to the place below in the river pains and to try to farm there. Instead of attacking other villages, which makes you take a risk, this way is a safe way.
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? The two major problems that farmers had was that in April, the floods come and all the crops that they planted would be all blown off. The second reason is that in the summer time, because of the sun that is really hot, the soil gets dry, which affects the crops to not grow well. 2. How did they solve these problems? They used the ability to control the water, such as making dams. I think the flooding came from the mountains.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**
 * 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? **

**__Assignment 9__**
Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The single most important thing I learned was that there were many huge changes in the Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period. The changes were such things as food supply. Long time ago, people had to gather and hunt to get food and to survive.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... One part I didn't understand was when we learned about was about the surgery. In the Ookie video, the "man" could survive because the other men cured him but I didn't understand why most of the people just died.

3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me most was that in the Paleolithic Era, people knew about how to cure people if they got sick.

4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about how to hominids lived like, other than the ones we learned in class such as hunting, gathering, farming, and etc.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... I think I would remember the "Ookie" video most. I think that I would remember it a lot because I like to learn stuff that way, too.

=**__Assignment 8__**= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __** clearly **__ and __** completely **__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? Something that surprised me was that in Catal Huyuk people knew surgery. They did it with stone tools. They surprised me because I thought that in the Paleolithic Period, people wouldn't have a way to cure if they got bitten by an animal, and etc.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * <span class="wiki_link_new"> Catal Huyuk video 2

2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? One thing I already knew that we learned in class was that people had to get their own food or after a while, they learned agriculture. Most men and some women back then had to hunt in the wild where dangerous animals can be. Some people had to farm their own food in the Neolithic Period. The second thing I learned that I already knew about was that people had to move around from places to places since the place's farming might not be good, they were attacted by animals, and other dangerous things that can happen that would make them move.

3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __** Explain **__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) Jookie would sometimes have to move to different places once it becomes unsafe or if the food does not grow well, and etc. Also, unlike us, Jookie would have to go hunting and gather berries, seeds, nuts, and other edible things.

Hominids and Their Characteristics

__Australopithecus__
 * Meaning-southern ape
 * Brain was one-third of the size of a human's brain.
 * appeared 4~5 million years ago

__Homo Habilis__
 * Meaning- handy man
 * brain was half the size of a human's brain
 * appeared 2~1.5 million years ago
 * Used stone for chopping

__Homo Erectus__
 * Meaning- upright man
 * Learned how to control fire

__Homo sapiens__
 * Meaning-wise man
 * migrated all around the whole planet
 * developed language
 * Learned how to create fire


 * __Aspects of Daily Life Effects__**
 * They started to have extra food
 * People started to trade
 * People didn't die as often


 * Neolithic Era- new stone age
 * Paleolithic Era- the start of the stone age, when people used stones as tools
 * Domestication- the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans
 * Mesolithic Era- middle part of stone age
 * Ancestor- a person who lived in the past


 * __Timeline__ **


 * Decade- 10 years
 * Century- 100 years
 * Circa. (C)- about
 * BC- before Christ
 * AD- anno domino

= = ** We are changing the world.
 * __Other notes__

=**__Assignment 7__**= Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far. 1. When were each major groups of hominids living? 2. What did people make saws and drills for? 3. What was the biggest change in the Paleolithic period? Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? The main difference was that people has more resources to get food from. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? After they domesticated plants and animals, people did not have to move to places and could stay in one place for a while. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? An advantage is that the people would have enough food for them to survive because they farm. Also, they wouldn't have to worry about starving to death. A disadvantage of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture is that sometimes the crop isn't good so you might not have good food. Also, you would have to work all year except winter just to live.

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the Beginnings of Agriculture section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). Read The First Farmers and Plants section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now make fire. Which hominid would this be? 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.

1. This discovery changed my life because long time ago, people had to gather, hunt, search for food which was very hard. But now, we can just get food. 2. Another name for the New Stone Age is the Neolithic Era, 3. They made tools such as saws and drills. I think that they were used to gather food and cut down big trees. 4. I think that this period is the Homo Erectus. 5. I think it is called a revolution because it is like a new start. 6. It is the process where <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">they change plants and animals to make them more useful. 7. Cattle, horse,goat and sheep were domesticated in Asia. 8. It was first domesticated in Maize. 9. If I'm a farmer my life would be different because I would make my own food when the hunter-gatherers would hunt and gather food. Also, for hunter-gatherers to survive, they have to find a good place to hunt, and where there are a lot of berries, seeds and nuts. Lastly, if I were a farmer, I would not go around searching for food.

=**__Assignment 5__**= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__. They have to study prehistory because they tell us what happened long time ago. 2. What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright? One advantage of walking upright might have been because they had 2 more arms to use other than to walk. 3. ** What kind of **tools **did people use during the** Paleolithic Era**?**In the Paleolithic Era, people used spears and hand axes. 4. Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.I would want a long stick that would help me with a lot of things. They are such as reaching high things that I can't reach, or getting food from a far place and etc. 5. ** What is a **hunter-gatherer**? A hunter- gatherer is a person who hunts and gatherers things for them to live. ** 7. Define the boldfaced words above tools: materials that are needed to help you with things Paleolithic Era: the old stone age hunter-gatherer:** a person who hunts, and gathers berries, and other edible things to survive
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**
 * 1) ** In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language? **
 * prehistory: the period before human history

=__Assignment 4__= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__. 1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? //They were found in Africa.// 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? //The scientific name of Lucy is Australopithecus in hominids.// 3. How long ago did Lucy live? //Lucy lived about 3 million years habilis ago.// 4. What was an important step in human development? //It was the ability to walk with (on) two legs.// 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.** 6. Which hominid are you? I am a homo sapien.
 * Australopithecus- They walk on 2 legs. The name means "southern ape".
 * Homo- They used stone tools for chopping. The name means "handy man".
 * Homo erectus- They learned how to control fire, they used stone tools like a hand ax. The name means "upright man".
 * Homo sapiens- They invented language and made language. The name means "wise man".

=**__Assignment 3__**= Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project Response Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. = 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? = //My role in the Creation of a Puppet Show was to be the stage manager.//

2. What Problems did your group run into? //The problems we ran into were such things as, what kind of puppets we should use for the puppets and who would make the puppets.//

3. How did your group deal with these problems? //Our group decided to meet in Sheamin's house and work on it together.//

4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. //The similarities between the origin stories were that in the stories all the humans were made by accident. Also, the second similarity is that they all were about god creating humans.//

5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). //I am going to compare and contrast the Egypt and Greek origin stories. The differences between the stories was that// //in one of the stories, the human were made by a tear drop. In the Greek story, the humans were made by two titans.// //The similarities are that the stories are all about gods. The last similarity is that in the Greek//

=__Assignment 2__= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. Click here -> [|Timeline of Human History.pdf] to see a copy of the timeline. Write your questions **and the answers** on your wiki page. Question 1. What decade was it on the year 1000? Answer: the 100 decade Question 2. What event happened last in the timeline? Answer: Color TV in 1950. Question 3: About how many decades passed since the color television was invented? Answer: About 10 decades. Question 4. When was the last ice age? Answer: 18,000 B.C. Question 5. What was the first event on the timeline in C.E. in the timeline? Answer: Paper invented in China

=**__Assignment <span class="currency_converter_link">1 __**= Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? an CE year 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? It would mean that it was after Christ and that it was year 1000,