_JC_Assignments2

=**__Assignment 2-1__**= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to// help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? -The land in the Zagros mountains had mild weather and aboundant rainfall, so it was good for farming. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? -Cultivate means to grow plants and crops. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? -By 5000 B.C.E the major problem that Zagros hill farmers had was they did not have enough space to grow crops and to domesticate animals. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? -I think the best way to deal with the food shortage is to move out into the river plains so that they have a lot of room, and they can carry resources and still have people left behind to get resources from their land.
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? -The water flooded anytime and was unpredictable and in the summer, the land grew very dry and had draughts all over the place. 2. How did they solve these problems? -They solved these problems by building dikes and levees to control the floods and have dams and reservoirs to collect water and to have canals bring it to fields. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? -The melted snow came from the top of the Zagros mountains.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

=__**Assignment 2-2**__=
 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? -The first simple method was to carry water in buckets from the river to individual fields. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? -They built walls along the river called levees to prevent flooding. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? -Levees prevented the water from flooding, dams and reservoirs collected water if there was not a good supply at hand for a time and canals were used to deliver the water from one place to another. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? -The word is surplus. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? -The whole irrigation system might be destroyed if one canal was clogged. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? -Different villages took care of the irrigation system by helping each other and taking turns caring for the canals.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? -The Mesopotamian villages helped each other by working together to work on the irrigation canals. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? -People living far away from each other were connected by having to work together on the same canal. 3. What did many villages grow into? -Many villages grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? We call this region Sumer and the people there Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? -They could build new canals or block other cities' canals. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? -It was easy because the plains provide no defense like mountains or rivers. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? -I think the best defense plan at first is to get a good evacuation system and to build a strong wall.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=**__Assignment 2-3__**= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? -It got its name by being a large arc of land that was very rich and fertile. 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? -One of the most important factors was that whenever the rivers flooded, it carried silt, a mixture of sand and fine rock that helped grow crops. 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamian civilization? -The division of labor contributed to the growth of Mesopotamian civilization by the division creating a large number of new occupations, which meant that now projects such as building large buildings, mapping irrigation canals became easier because of the new jobs. 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? -People that run for government need to be good managers, and also good leaders. Either don't overwork workers or boost morale so they can be overworked. Tactics in managing people as leader, having people as an importance--all things leaders like that must practice.

=__Assignment 2-4__  = Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. -Yes, both the US and S. Korea are A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society is the first characteristic and yes, they both exist. In the US, the government makes and enforces law. And in Korea, law is also maintained by the government. A regular food supply comes from the fields, probably machine-kept and company-owned. Also a lot of food comes from importing for both countries. Also specialization of labor, as someone is a plastic surgeon and someone a researcher, someone a student and someone unemployed. This goes for both countries. Different social levels exist in both countries because a child is legally 'under the care' of his/her guardian until the government recognizes them as adults, the child cannot have certain rights, such as driving, liquor, and etc. A highly developed culture is needed because it tells civilizations apart and examples are of the Korean currency and the American currency. They are both works of art and technology. A religious system-during the time of three nations in Korea, each of the three nations came to adapt Buddhism to be their major religion and built temples and had monks, etc. Later during the Choson dynasty, the Koreans adapted Confucianism as their religion and during when there was only the pilgrims in the US, (I can't remember which) but a very strict religion (where you had to go to church and stay there for 2 hours, morning and after noon). 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? -I think they should all be needed, because a civilization needs leaders which that will direct the people closer to civilization (1) and also needs food that will keep the civilians happy, healthy and fit (2). Different professions of labor makes it easier to get specific tasks done, and also makes trade, goods and services going around all over the place (3). Different social levels makes it easier to keep the country organized, because a wise uppermost class man/woman can be good to all (4), a developed culture means more professions, more uniqueness, more impact, more history, more markings of themselves left and being (5). A religious system, because it gives people a cause to unite, a cause to devote, a cause to give, and a practice to relive stress and empty sorrows (6).

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-5__= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions. 1. Where did the Akkadians live? -They lived in Mesopotamia, just north of Sumer. 2. What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.? -They were peaceful towards each other. 3. Who was Sargon and what did he do? -Sargon was the king of Akkad and he then took over all of Mesopotamia, creating the world's first empire. 4. What did Sargon establish? -The world's first empire. 5. Define 'empire'. -A land with separate territories under a single rule. 6. Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader. -First ruler to have a permanent army and also one of the first to have soldiers use bows & arrows. 7. How long did Sargon rule his empire? -He ruled for 50 years. 8. What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire? -Hostile tribes from the east raided and captured Akkad. 9. Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? -The Sumerians, again. 10. Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? -There were huge walls and also inner walls, too. They also had canals and levees carrying water though the city. There was also this really big ziggurat.

=__Assignment 2-6  __= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? -I liked how we were supposed to make monopolies with the resources we have. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? -I felt really afraid like I was going to lose a gamble or something. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? -The part that was difficult for me was getting my second monopoly. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? -People want those and if you have all, you can raise/lower the price however much you want. 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? -I would not just accept trades for goods like jewelry just because it is expensive. 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? -It was better to cooperate, as long as someone did not back-stab you or you had a partner that did not know the rules of the game.

=__Assignment 2-7 __=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? - I would advise that they should be punished much more harshly than nobles because this is the right mind set in that time period and I don't want to change things. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? - It lay in ruins. 3. Where was Babylon located? - Near the Euphrates River, close to modern-day Baghdad. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? - Hammurabi became the king of Babylon in 1792 B.C. 5. What is a monarch? - A ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? - The Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? - He made laws, supervised and watched over building and irrigation projects, and also brought much wealth through trade. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? - The code covered areas such as trade, loans, theft, marriage, injury, and murder. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. - It was the first set of written laws that was discovered and also was written down for everyone to see. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? - The Babylonian empire just collapsed after Hammurabi died. This is simmilar because after Sargon died, the Akkadian empire fell. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

- This represents Hammurabi's famous phrase 'an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose.' I think that this is a little too cruel, even though that this was considered 'justice' back then. **197.** If he break another man’s bone, his bone shall be broken. -Same as the one before, though this one will heal, but the eye won't. - This is all right, but then shouldn't the physician have the right to control his own price?
 * 196.** If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out.
 * 221.** If a physican heal the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man, the patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money.

=__Assignment 2-8 __= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Civilization Name: Assyria**= some actions of the members of the society. || You can infer this from their army and how organized it was. || An army needs leaders and soldiers only take orders from higher-ups. || change. || You can also infer this by seeing their large army and them sustaining it. || A lot of food is needed to keep up all those soldiers and that must have been government food. || society perform different jobs. || You can infer this from the army (soldiers) and from metalworkers (smiths) in the army. || There must be a lot of different types of soldiers and metalworkers just from these broad two jobs. || the society are given higher status than others. || You can infer this from how they sacked, looted and plundered other villages. || The people in the villages were considered lower than their society so it was okay to commit crime there. || music, literature, science, and writing. || You can infer this from their chariots and also that they manged to hold up the empire. || It must have took a lot of skill and thinking to think up of something like the chariot, back at that time. || ziggurat. || A ziggurat is something like a basic temple and it should be enough. || Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? -No, because content was not hard to understand.
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * 1. A system of government that directs and controls
 * 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly
 * 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the
 * 4. Different social levels, in which some members of
 * 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture,
 * 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. || You can infer this by seeing that they had a

=**Assyrians**= []

[]

=**Hittites**= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=**Chaldeans**= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM]