Jun

=media type="custom" key="4904025"= media type="file" key="egypt comic jun park.mov" width="468" height="468" =Assignment 6-3= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// They traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// Mycenaens built a very strong Military while Minoan were devoted to cultural improvements. //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// Because they lived in the same areas. //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// Egypt, Swiss, Canaan, and Asia Minor because they traded with them so often. //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// Cultural aspects like literature and etc. //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar. They both got attacked and they were not prepared.//

=Assignment 4-6= = **After completing your** __** Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India **__ sheet answer the following comprehension questions: = == 1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? == Justice, Buddhist Values, General Welfare, and Security. == 2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? == He tried to unite everything in one way. He changed his way into a peaceful man == 3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? == The Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India by making everyone the same religion. == 4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? == Offering a good life in the kingdom might have contributed to the unification of India. ==5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way. == D could also be General welfare instead of Buddhist Values because it shows how to live well for the good of the people. == (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) ==

**__Ramayana Poem__**

Website: [|India-Government]
 * __ Assignment 4-5 __**

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? Having a central government helps in planning and organizing a city because all the people will follow the same rules and religion. Also if you build more cities they will follow the same layout. 2. Who were Rajahs? Rajahs were the rulers of the cities. 3. What is a Guru? A Guru is a type of teacher that stayed with his student till he became 20. 4. What subjects were taught in school? Government and religion. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The Indus Priest were somewhat in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? People looked up to the priests because their varna is in the highest level and they were the ones who gave offerings to the gods.

**Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? Kshatriya. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? My favorite part of this caste system simulation is when I made the punishments for the lower classes because the lower classes now couldn't stand up to me. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? Nothing made me upset because I was one of the higher class. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? I don't think the system is fair because the lower classes get treated badly but we're all the same human race. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? No because I might end up in the lower class and it's not fair to those people.
 * __ Assignment 4-4 __**

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __ Assignment 4-1 __**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? All the special features and places are the same.
 * Questions:**

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? Sarasvati River.

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. Because that is a very fertile place and close to Africa. Also it gives water to the people.

4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? Because the Sarasvati River started to dry up and too much people were in the area.

__** Assignment 4-2 **__ Website: Indus Valley Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in complete sentences with clear details on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? Houses, plumbing, windows, Great Bath, and etc. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? They had a sewage system like our cities today. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? We can learned that they had a plumbing system and a modern house with windows. Also the city was built on a plan. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. People lived very comfortably because they had plumbing system, they also had weights for trade, they were religious because of the religious statues, they had modern houses with windows, and they had carts for transportation. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? The priest-king was a statue that maybe was a king or a man. It has a shaved beard and a robe. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? It was a large tub filled with water and it was used for a public bath and a religious ceremonies.

__** Assignment 4-3 **__ Source: Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions clearly and completely on your wiki page. Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? I learned that daily life in Mohenjo-Daro was a comfortable life because they had modern plumbing like we do. And we didn't have plumbing for a long time. 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. I think it was a architectural achievement because they had modern houses and they had a plumbing system. A plumbing system is very modern along with windows because we have them and use them as well. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? The sewage system made Mohenjo-Daro a modern city because everyone uses it these days. 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? It's difficult because people didn't write about it and we don't know how they exactly lived because we don't have time machines to go back in time and look. We also can't guess every right answer for how they lived. = =

= __Assignment 3-8__ = Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

The single most important thing I learned was how Egypt developed a very highly developed technology and civilization. This was the most important thing because it shows me how Egypt built the pyramids and etc. It also tells me Egypt's religion and how there civilization was like all the way in the past.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was how the Egyptians made the Pyramids so well and how they developed such strategies to make those big buildings.

3. What surprised me the most was...

What surprised me the most was how the Egyptians cared so much about religion and the afterlife. For the afterlife Egyptians did something like writing the book of the dead to help them on in the afterlife.

4. I would like to know more about...

I would like to know more about is how the Egyptians actually built the pyramid. I would want to know their methods and their architectural ways.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

The part that I think I will always remember was the mummification process. I would probably remember the steps to it too like taking the brains out and putting the organs in jars.

= __Assignment 3-5__ = Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. Grade each paragraph for quality: 4=outstanding work, detailed, correct and above the call of duty 3=very good work, completes assignment, is above average 2=completes assignment correctly, average work 1=does not complete assignment, needs work 0=does not follow directions, assignment missing

The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

The old kingdom was often called "The Pyramid Age". It was called this because in this era the pharaohs built pyramids as there tombs like no other era. Pyramids are a triangular shaped tomb with a base that's a square. An example of a pyramid would be "The great Pyramid of Giza (or Khufu)". This pyramid was built by the Pharaoh Khufu for his tomb and he was a cruel ruler but his people were fed well. Also this pyramid is the tallest and biggest of all of Egypt. Now you might be wondering how the pyramid was built. Well there are two theories. One is about the ramp the Egyptians made to drags the rocks in. The ramp would be lengthen and heighten as the pyramid went up. The second one is about another ramp that would be circular and would go around the pyramid as it got bigger. When you think of a pyramid you think of people whipping slaves to pull the rocks right? That wasn't the case. The pyramids were built by regular citizens of Egypt and they were payed with grain and not money. The importance of the pyramids were huge. People thought that the pharaoh was connected to the gods so he needs to be happy and safe on his way to his afterlife. Also to ensure the pharaoh makes a safe journey people carved magical scripts in the walls of his pyramid or tomb.

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

The middle kingdom was the opposite of the old kingdom because maintaining the monuments and pyramids cost a lot of money so the pharaohs were failing. Later also the nobles took there place in the government for power and eventually challenged the pharaoh and won. So the nobles were in control of Egypt so Egypt had no real ruler to rule them and that kept up for 160 years. During this time life in that time would not be that organized because of the government issues and the lack of control of food and judgment. Later on in the middle kingdom a powerful pharaoh defeated all the other rivals and nobles and became pharaoh. Egypt was united once more but later on Egypt started to be in chaos once more. In 1750 BC a group was Asians called the Hyksos came and conquered Egypt. For about 200 years Egypt was under Hyksos control when a Pharaoh named Ahmos of Thebes came and conquered Egypt once more.

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

The new kingdom was "The Golden Age" for Egypt. In this era Egypt becomes more powerful then ever. Later on Egypt became an empire because the pharaoh feared of future invasion so the pharaoh conquer all routes to attack Egypt. After they conquered all the routes they targeted the capital of the Hyksos and eventually conquered Syria. Life in an empire was a great life because Egypt gained power. The causes of growth and trade were because of the expeditions which led too other countries to trade. The pharaoh who made Egypt's economy grow the most was Queen Hatshepsut. She was a pharaoh who traded the most. Also battles that were fought were the one with the Hyksos and Rameses the Great who defeated the Hittites, an asian group, outnumbered badly. Rameses was probably a very well known pharaoh.

= __Assignment 3-4__ = **Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess. Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.

I would like to be the God Seth because he is the god of chaos and disorder because everyone will fear the God Seth and The God Seth is the ruler of chaos so he'll be powerful. Also he killed Osiris the God of the Dead and battled with Horus for power over the throne of living things. Seth was the everything that threatened Egypt so he sounds very powerful and feared.

I wouldn't like to be the God Bes because he isn't a very important god. He is the protector of families, newborn children, and pregnant women. He also had the appearance of a dwarf and a lion which isn't a very good appearance and also he doesn't have a temple even though he is worshiped in every home. He isn't such a powerful god like Seth and is short. I think that Bes doesn't do great things like the other gods.


 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Yes I found similar gods/goddesses. Some of the similar gods are Tiamat and Seth. They're similar because they are both evil figures in the history of Mesopotamia and Ancient egypt. Some other gods are Amun and Enil because they were one of the most important and powerful god. I think they were similar because they all believed in gods and came up with stories to describe them and what they did. Also their cultures are a little similar. = =

= =

= __Assignment 3-2__ = **Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I think it'll be hard because I have to build his tomb which will be very hard work. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? The Old Kingdom started at 2700BC-2200BC. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. They thought the pharaoh was both god and king so he had all the power over his people. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? The responsibilities of the pharaoh is to rule over his people and to manage the land. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? Khufu built alot of monuments about him such as the Great Pyramid of Khufu. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) 1. Pharaoh- The pharaoh is god and king of egypt. 2. Nobles- Priest or officials who helped run the government. 3. Scribes and Craftsmen- They wrote and produced goods for the people 4. Farmers, slaves, and servants- Most of Egyptians were in this class. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? The advantages might be that they would have alot of food and servants but if there are too much it might be hard to support the population and their won't be so much important people. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? They would build buildings for the pharaoh. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). They traded Nubia for gold, slaves, and etc. They traded Syria for wood. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. They went to acquire silver in Brazil. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? In the Nobles section. = =

= __Assignment 3-3__ = **Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat Because after the person died they wanted their soul to recognize the body. The process was called Mummification and they took out the organs and dried their bodies and wrapped it in linen so that they can preserve it forever. The Egyptians took a metal hook and put it in the person's nose and smashed the brain into pieces and pulled it out. They removed it because they thought it was not important. The intestines,the stomach, liver, and lungs. They put these organs into a jar to be preserved and put a lid on it with one of Horus's son's head. They thought that the heart was the most important part so they left it because they thought they needed it later. Natron is salt that absorbs moisture. It was used to get rid of the moisture and dry the body. It was used the wrap the body after covering with resin. Amulets were for good luck for something for instance the Udajut amulet was for good health and also the scarab amulet means rebirth. It is put into a sarcophagus and into a tomb. = =
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies?
 * 1) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
 * 1) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
 * 1) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
 * 1) What did they do with the heart? Why?
 * 1) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
 * 1) How was [|linen] used during mummification?
 * 1) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 1) What happens to the body after it was mummified?

= __**Assignment 1**__ = 1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.
 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**
 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

media type="file" key="Sumerian comic wheel jun park.mov" width="420" height="420"

= __Assignment 2-8__ = **Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook** = **Characteristics of Civilization** = = **Civilization Name:Assyrians** = Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? Yes because some information were hard to find and I had to read over and over again to find evidence. = **Assyrians** = []
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * == **Six Characteristics of Civilization** == || == **Evidence for Characteristic** == || == **Explanation** == ||
 * A System of Government || There is a king, commanders, and etc. || The king controls the empire and some leaders collect taxes. ||
 * A regular food supply || They conquered the Tigris and Euphrates river. || That means they had enough water and crops for their living. ||
 * Specialization of Labor || There were slaves, soldiers, and etc. || If there are soldiers and slaves they have different jobs so there was specialization of labor. ||
 * Different Social levels || There are higher people then others. || Some people are higher ranked then others for example the king is higher then the scribe. ||
 * Highly developed culture || They had artwork and clothing. || They had highly developed artwork, clothing, and etc. ||
 * A religious system || They believed in gods. || Since they believed in Gods then they probably had a religion. ||

[]

= **Hittites** = [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

= **Chaldeans** = []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM] = =

= __Assignment 2-7__ = **Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? I will advise the king by telling the king that common people and nobles should be punished the same because they are the same human. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? Ur fell because Ur was frequently attacked by foreign attacks. 3. Where was Babylon located? Near the Euphrates River. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Hammurabi became a king in 1792 BC. 5. What is a monarch? A ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? The Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? He governed a huge empire and increased trade. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? Hammurabi's code is laws that people followed. The areas of daily life that the code covered was the laws we use today. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. The Hammurabi's code were laws so it was important and also it's important because people could see it because it was written in stone. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? The Babylonian Empire fell like the Akkadian Empire after its first ruler died. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. 252. If he kill a man's slave, he shall pay one-third of a mina. - I disagree with the law because it's cruel and it's unfair because if you kill a slave isn't he human and you pay money for it that's not right. 202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public.- I disagree with the law because it's being very hierarchical. 197. If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken.- I agree with the law because it's being equal to everybody.

= =

= __Assignment 2-6__ = After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? I liked trading because it was very fun and it was fun competing with other people. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? I felt energetic because I was eager to trade for cards. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? Getting the cards I wanted to make a monopoly. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? The advantage there is to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry is a good idea because alot of people will come for dates for instance only to you. 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? I think there is nothing to change. 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why? I think it was better to cooperate because I can get my monopoly faster.

= __Assignment 2-5__ = Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.

They lived north of Sumer. They were peaceful and had no grudge against each other. Sargon was a person who rebelled against the Sumerian King and later built the Akkadian empire. He establised the Akkadian empire. A land with territories under the rule of an Empire. Sargon extended the land of his empire and he made the first worlds empire. More than 50 years. The Akkadian Empire broke into chaos and got destroyed by Ur. Sumer. Ur has walls around the city to protect it also there is a trading port. = = = = = =
 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 1) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 1) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 1) What did Sargon establish?
 * 1) Define 'empire'.
 * 1) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 1) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 1) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 1) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 1) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

=**__ Assignment 2-4 __**= Using ** The Six Characteristics of a Civilization **  (see below) answer the following questions ** clearly and with ** details on your wiki page.

= = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. Yes. In Korea we have a government that controls actions of the society like the president or the mayor, we have markets and farms to get a regular food supply, we have specialization of labor (some people are doctors, some are teachers, and etc.), we have different social levels like some people have more respect or power, we have a highly developed culture such as holidays and all mentioned below, and we have a religious system such as Christianity or Catholic. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? No because we don't really need a highly developed culture like art, music, or etc. to survive or live a better and easier life.

** The Six Characteristics of a Civilization: **  1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.

Assignment 2-3 **Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions** **clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page** **.**

Because of the rich soil there.** The Tigris and Euphrates River were the most important factors.** People had certain jobs so they got things done quicker.** = = ** 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? They already have jobs so it helps build a government. **
 * 1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
 * 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile?
 * 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization?

Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions. **
 * Assignment 2-2

__**Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**__ They carried the water around in buckets. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? They built levees. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __clearly__ ** ** explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? The levees helped hold up the water from flooding. Canals delivered the water from the lake to the city without any work. Dams helped hold the water on the other side so it doesn't rush out. Reservoirs were used to store the water up. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? Surplus. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? All the other ones would too. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? ** **Different villages had had to clean the canals and reservoirs regularly.** __**Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**__ Workers cleaned out the canals with different workers from different villages regularly. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? They were connected by a irrigation system. 3. What did many villages grow into? Into a city state. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? Sumer and their people were Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? Pour a lot of sand in a canal. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? The plains provided no natural protection or barrier. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? **
 * 1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
 * 1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other?
 * To have a wall around it. **

= __Assignment 2-1__ = Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. ** ** Use the links above from the Class Activity 2-1 ** **// to // help you answer the questions. **

In Mesopotamia agriculture helped to grow population and also a food surplus helped. 2. What does** // **cultivate** // **mean? It means to grow. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? They didn't have enough land to farm more crops. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?** It flooded unexpectedly and the ground was very hard in the summer. 2. How did they solve these problems? They learned to control the water by irrigation canals and they built levees to control floods. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from?**
 * // Event A: Food Shortage //**
 * 1. What helped the human population to grow in** // **Mesopotamia** // **?
 * I think the best way is B because if they grow plants in the river land even though it's dry in the summer and it floods unexpectedly. The people can always make irrigation canals.**
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**
 * 1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river** // **plains** // **?
 * It was from the mountains.**

=** __Assignment 9__ **=

**Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.** **2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...** **3. What surprised me the most was...** = = = 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... = = The part that I think I will always remember will be the part when we learned a bout hunter and gatherers also the Neolithic Revolution. =
 * 1. The single most important thing I learned was...**
 * The single most important thing I learned was that humans were developing new things only for about 100,000 years. **
 * Nothing really confused me really much. **
 * What surprised me most is that we evolved from different hominids.**

= __Assignment 8__ = **Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page.** **1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? The three things that were surprising in daily life in Catal Huyuk was they built the house of the dead to keep the skulls of their ancestors, people had no money so the better resources the more power you have, and people bartered every day. The house of the dead surprised me because I never thought they would keep skulls in a house. The fact that they had no money was amusing. Finally I saw people trade everywhere and that was cool because I believed there would be money and they would buy something. The traded alot more then I expected. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? Three things I already knew about life in Catal Huyuk are in Catal Huyuk they hunted for food, people built houses, and was that people there would have to trade with other people. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __Explain__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) Three ways Jookie's life would be different from ours is that in our life we have markets to buy food or restaurants but Jookie has to hunt for her on food. Also she doesn't have school like we do. Normally in our world we would go to school and learn. Finally Jookie has no money to buy things she has to trade instead.** = =
 * **Catal Huyuk video 1**
 * **Catal Huyuk video 2 **

=** __Class Study Guide__ **=

=**Hominids and their Characteristics:**=
 * Australopithecus
 * name means "Southern Ape"
 * walked on two legs
 * brain was about third the size of modern humans
 * appeared in Africa about 4-5 million years ago
 * Homo Habilis
 * names means "Handy Man"
 * appeared in Africa about 2.4 million years ago
 * used early stone tools for chopping and scraping
 * brain was half the size of modern humans
 * Homo Erectus
 * name means "Upright Man"
 * appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago
 * used early stone tools like hand axe
 * learned to control fire
 * migrated out from Africa to Asia to Europe
 * Homo Sapiens
 * name means "Wise Man"
 * appeared in Africa 200,000 years ago
 * migrated around the world
 * same species as modern human beings
 * learned to create fire and use a wide variety of tools
 * developed language

=**Aspects of Daily life effects notes:**=
 * Food Supply
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic is the Ram and the dried wheat
 * Neolithic is the fat sheep with a lot of fur and the wheat is rich
 * Justification
 * I think in the Paleolithic Times they hunted a lot so the Rams needed horns but in the Neolithic times they used their fur and all so they didn't need it. Also it's because in the Neolithic time they domesticated animals and plant for human needs. That's why the sheep is fatter and the wheat is richer.
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * We have farming and better cultivation
 * Also sheep have more fur we use for clothes
 * We have more food
 * Occupations
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic is the man gathering fruit
 * the Neolithic is the man making clay pots
 * Justification
 * In Paleolithic times they spent time gathering but in the Neolithic times they were smarter so they farmed. Then they have more time making. People also started to develop agriculture in the Neolithic times so there is no need for gathering. Also in the Neolithic times they had permanent homes.
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * Now nobody spends time gathering
 * Everybody has a real job
 * Thats why we learned to make things
 * Population/ Settlement
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic the community of tents made out of leather
 * Neolithic the community if houses
 * Justification
 * In Paleolithic they had older settlements and were nomads. Neolithic they wanted permanent shelter so they built houses and community. Also as they developed agriculture they didn't want to leave the plants behind.
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * Now we have better settlement like houses
 * Now we have permanent homes
 * We have large amounts of people living in a settlement
 * Resources
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic the necklace made out of bone
 * Neolithic the necklace mad out of shells
 * Justification
 * Paleolithic times they hunted more than planting or gather so they have boney necklaces while in the Neolithic they had more time to sit around.
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * We have no bone necklaces
 * We have accessories instead
 * No one is wearing scary bone necklaces
 * Shelter
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic is the leather tent
 * Neolithic it's the house
 * Justification
 * Paleolithic times people went from place to place every season. While the Neolithic people wanted to be in one place and decided we need more stable structure.
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * Now we have very stable and comfortable shelters
 * There are no tents
 * We have a great life
 * Technology
 * Pictures for Paleolithic to Neolithic
 * Paleolithic is the Blunt tool
 * Neolithic is the sharp Stone
 * Justification
 * In Paleolithic they used the "Chopper" in the Neolithic they developed a variety of tools which was sharper and easier to handle
 * Effect on Daily Life
 * Now we have metal tools
 * Also there are no stone tools
 * There aren't arrowheads around

=Vocabulary:= 
 * prehistory
 * The time there was no writing; before people started to record events


 * hominid
 * Very early ancestor of human


 * ancestor
 * A relative who lived in the past


 * tool
 * A thing or object that is used to help or accomplish something


 * Paleolithic Era
 * The very first part of stone age where people started to use stone tools


 * society
 * A community of people who share the same culture


 * hunter-gatherers
 * People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive; a division of labor kind of

= __Assignment 7__ = Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far. What does the word "Homo Sapien" mean? What did the Homo Sapiens achieve? What was Lucy? Answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page. 1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period is that in the Neolithic period people developed agriculture and had permanent homes. Also The Neolithic people domesticated plants and animals. The Paleolithic people hunted and gathered also they had no permanent homes. 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? People had permanent homes and had one place to live. Their was no need to hunt or gather. 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? The advantages of agriculture for daily life is that now we have stores and we don't need to go around hunting. The disadvantages are that we domesticated animals for human purposes like for example dogs are domesticated forms of wolves. **

= __ Assignment 6 __ =
 * Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions ** clearly ** and ** completely ** . Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the // Beginnings of Agriculture // section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). The discovery would change my life by telling me that now we can plant plants and make more. Which is farming. Read // The First Farmers // and // Plants // section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? The Neolithic Era. 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? They made drills and saws. I think they used these tools to cut would or to make houses. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now ** make ** fire. Which hominid would this be? This hominid would be us the homo sapiens. 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? I think it's called a revolution because it was a major change in life for the humans. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? Domestication means to tame wild animals or to grow plants so they are useful to humans. 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? Horse, cow, sheep, and goat. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? In North America. 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. One way the farmer's life would be different is that farmers don't need to hunt they have all the food they have on their land while the hunter has to go everywhere to find food. Another one would be that farmers have plants and fruit on their land so they know where they are but the gatherers need to go around places to find good plants. Also farmers have permanent homes but hunter and gatherers don't. **

= __Assignment 5__ = 1. Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study ** prehistory ** ? To know what ancient humans looked like and what they did to survive. What they achieved. What was they're life like. 2. What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright? One advantage of walking completely upright is that you can use the other pair of hands like and arm like us. 3. What kind of ** tools ** did people use during the ** Paleolithic Era ** ? The people of the Paleolithic Era used choppers, sharpen stone, to cut, skin, and do alot of other stuff. 4. Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two. A stone tool a would make would help me unjam a jammed cd, dvd, or etc. out. It would be shaped like a very flat hook that would slide in and hook the middle circle of the cd and take it out. **
 * Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions ** clearly ** and in ** complete sentences ** on your wiki page.

5. What is a hunter-gatherer?
6. In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language? The most important change in the development of language is that now we can talk and communicate with each other. 7. Define the boldfaced words above. Prehistory- history before people recorded events Tools- something that helps you do something easier or better Paleolithic Era- is the "old stone age" that lasted about 10,000 years ago Hunter-Gatherer- is a society that the people of the Paleolithic Era made to divide labor. **
 * It's a system, or society the ancient people used to divide labor. For example the men hunted while the women gathered.

= __Assignment 4__ = Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly ** and in ** complete sentences ** on your wiki page.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? They were found in Africa. 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? The scientific name of Lucy is Homo habilis. 3. How long ago did Lucy live? She lived about 3 million years ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? The important step in human development is that we evolved so we can walk on two legs. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is ** clear and detailed. Answer to #5 6. Which hominid is us now? We are Homo sapiens.
 * Australopithecus
 * Homo habilis
 * Homo erectus
 * Homo sapiens

=__ Assignment 3 __=


 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project Response **

Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My roles were to be the giants and Fuxi for the Chinese Origin Story. 2. What Problems did your group run into? Our group had some problems with the script because some of us wanted to do the script funny and some wanted it serious. 3. How did your group deal with these problems? Our group did a vote on how to do the script. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. They all have to do with Gods and mythical beings. Also they have a problem in all of them which leads them to creating humans. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). Paragraph for answer for compare and contrast **
 * Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1

= __Assignment 2__ = **Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. 1.In which decade did the lightbulb get invented? Ans. The 1870’s 2. How many decades are there between paper money and castles in Europe? Ans. 9 decades 3. Approximately about how many centuries are there between castles built in Europe and Columbus reaches the Americas? Ans. About 5 centuries 4. Which year came occurred first- 1000BCE or 2000BCE? Ans. 2000BCE 5. In which century was paper money invented? Ans.10th century.**

= __Assignment 1__ =