Chapter+2

=__Assignment 2-1__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity 2-1****//to// help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? 2. What does //cultivate// mean? 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? 2. How did they solve these problems? 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from?
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

Event A Event B
 * Answers:**
 * 1) The surplus of food helped the population to grow in Mesopotamia.
 * 2) Cultivate means to grow.
 * 3) By 5000 B.C.E the major problem the farmers in the Zagros hills have had was that the farmers did not have enough food to feed all the people as the population grew.
 * 4) I personally thinks the best way is A. Increase the number of times each year that farmers plant their crops. Since the answer is a way that will be regular. For example, stealing from other clans won't work because they might not have any food either or might not give any to you. If you grow your own, then there is no way why you have to rely on others.
 * 1) The two major problems the farmers have had was that the soil on the plains were either rock-hard or had too much water. Another is that the strong wind blew a thick layer of dust.
 * 2) The people solved these problems by having to control the water that came in and out. The people built canals and levees.
 * 3) The melted snow comes from the mountains and since the very top of the mountain's temperature is low, there is snow. By the time it comes down to the rivers, they are melted snow, in other words, which is more water came so there is a flood.

=__Assignment 2-2__=
 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? 3. What did many villages grow into? 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

Event C Event D
 * Answers:**
 * 1) The farmers carried water in buckets to get water.
 * 2) The villagers built up natural earth walls called levees.
 * 3) Those things were used to make life easier because it would save a lot of time for people. For example, you would have to keep coming every day to see if the flood damaged the crops. Also those helped people collect water and block it at the same time.
 * 4) Surplus means an extra supply something such as food.
 * 5) The people have to clean the silt out.
 * 6) The villages took care of the complex irrigation system by cooperating with other villagers.
 * 1) Mesopotamian villages helped each other by being dependent on each other.
 * 2) People far apart connected to each other by the irrigation canals that wound through the cities.
 * 3) Villages grew into cities.
 * 4) The region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns is Sumer and the people that are called from this region are Sumerians.
 * 5) The city would build new canals or block each other cities' canals.
 * 6) It was easy to attack other cities because city members became very loyal to their own city.
 * 7) The best defense plan to protect a city is to set traps and build a wall around the city.

=**__Assignment 2-3__**= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?


 * Answers:**
 * 1) Since the land is fertile and is shaped like a croissant.
 * 2) The moat important factor is that the Mesopotamian's rivers brought silt.
 * 3) The Division of Labor contributed the growth of Mesopotamian civilization by the people working the job they are arranged or need to be done.
 * 4) The people can find more ways and easier to let the water come in and out in a right way. The government would need to know that and control it.

=__Assignment 2-4__  = Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

b. The Korean food, rice in particular and maybe some soup. Like kimchi hot soup or soybean paste hot soup. c. There are farmers, business workers and other jobs. d. In business offices, there is the boss and smaller workers, like the servants. e. Wearing han-bok, drawing nature and Chinese writing. f. The fragile paper that people use as widows or doors. 2. I think that to be a civilization, it is not necessary to have all of these characteristics. I think this way because a civilization doesn't have to have different social labors. They could all be egalitarian.
 * Answers:**
 * 1) a. Lee myung bak, the president of Korea makes the decisions of the government.

=**__Assignment 2-5__**= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 4) What did Sargon establish?
 * 5) Define 'empire'.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?


 * Answers:**
 * 1) The Akkadians lived north of Sumer.
 * 2) Sargon made the Akkadians territory larger and defeated all the cities of Sumer. He then conquered the northern part of Mesopotamia.
 * 3) Sargon was the king of Akkad and he built the world's first empire after he defeated Sumer and northern Mesopotamia.
 * 4) Sargon established the world's first empire.
 * 5) Empire: a group of states that is under a single authority
 * 6) Two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader is because he was wise enough to build the world's first empire and conquer the northern part of Mesopotamia. The other example would be that he gained the loyalty of his soldiers by eating with them every day.
 * 7) Sargon ruled his empire for a century.
 * 8) Akkidan Empire rulers could not keep from invaders coming in. Later, the Sumerian city, Ur rebuilt its strength and conquered the rest of Mesopotamia.
 * 9) The Sumerians eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia.
 * 10) The picture shows that there is a lot of population in the city because there are a lot of houses. The picture also shows how the houses are shaped. The houses aren't round or rectangular. They are kind of like a puzzle. They were made to fit together. Most of the houses look like uneven houses since they are squiggly. There are also more developed canals, like how it crosses through the city.

=**__Assignment 2-6 __**= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?


 * Answers:**
 * 1) I liked how we went to different markets and traded because it was like a card game. A bit like "Hawaii" and "Gold Fish." It was like a game where you have to find all of the same cards and you have to ask people if they have the card you want.
 * 2) During the game, sometimes I felt impatient because there was something I wanted but no one else had it. When someone came asking me for something and I had it, I would only give it to them if they have the card that I want and no one else had the card I was looking for except for my rivals with the same card that they obviously wouldn't trade.
 * 3) It was difficult to find the right card I was looking for. I felt like I had to have one big microphone and I had to scream asking for who has the card I want.
 * 4) The advantage on having a whole monopoly was that I could win the game. I could also stop from other people in getting a monopoly before me. Another great advantage is wealth. Also, you can control the price of the product.
 * 5) I would definitely try to play with other people. I would do this because as time passed, the people in my group started figuring out my strategy of getting a monopoly and I figured out theirs. For example, one person in my group always asks a special person first.
 * 6) It was better to cooperate with another player because you could help each other out. For example, person 1 wanted dates, I wanted jewelry and person number 1 has it. Person 2 has dates, but I don't. So, I ask person 2 to trade with me and then I give my date to person 1. Then, person 1 would give me the jewelry. Then, I am one step ahead of winning the game.

=**__Assignment 2-7 __**=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? 3. Where was Babylon located? 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? 5. What is a monarch? 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

Answers: