Steven

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=**Assignment 6-3**= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.// =**Assignment 4-6**= =After completing your Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India ** sheet answer the following comprehension questions: **= ==** 1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? The main ideas were Buddhist Values, Justice, Security, and Generel Welfare. You should follow the good things and not do bad. **== ==** 2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? Since people wanted to follow Ashoka, his leadership promoted the unity in India. **== ==** 3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? The lower class people liked Buddhism and because he was Buddhist people liked him. **== ==** 4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? The justice part can have contributed because people want the ruler to be fair and not mean and impartial. **== ==**5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way **== ==** (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) Edict G can also be about Justice. **==

**Assignment 4-5**

My Ramayana Poem -->

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? If you have a central government, the city would be more ordered. 2. Who were Rajahs? Rajahs were the people who ruled small portions of land in Ancient India. 3. What is a Guru? A guru taught a student things until the student was too old. 4. What subjects were taught in school? The most common subjects were nature and religion. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The priests and rajahs were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? Since the priests made offerings to the gods, the people looked up to the priests so they could communicate to the gods and help them. 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? My varna was Kshatriya. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste simulation? Why? My favorite part about the caste system simulation was being able to command the laborers and merchants, because its better than being ordered around. Also I got to make laws. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? The part that made me frustrated was that the laborers weren't following the commands of their superiors, because that was part of the simulation 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? No it's not fair because you can't help that you are born in a certain caste. Also some people would abuse their power. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? Yes and No. I chose yes because then it will be more organized, since people need a leader, and more. I also say no because people might abuse their power.
 * __Assignment 4-4__ **
 * Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

__** Assignment 4-2 **__ Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in** complete sentences **with** clear details **on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?
 * __Website: [|Indus Valley]__

The city was similar to Harappa. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?

We also (sometimes) have a city in a carefully planned outline in "cubicles." 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?

It was an advanced city. People wore jewelry, there was a Great Bath, and more.

4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.

It was an advanced city. People wore jewelry, there was a Great Bath, and more.

5. What do we know about the Priest-King?

It was like a ruler.

6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?

It was used for hygiene and maybe ceremonial purposes.

__Assignment 4-1__ ** **Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.


 * Questions:**

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above?

My map had everything except the sarasvati river.

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map?

the Sarasvati River

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details.

Because there was lots of water to farm, drink and more. Also it can sometime provide protection.

4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

I did it.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? Ancient people eventually migrated to the Ganga river because it had water and it was safer from invaders.


 * Questions:**

=__Assignment 4-3__= = = **A. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? I learned about how Mohenjo-Daro looked like. It was in a grid pattern. It also had a public bath and citadel.** People carrying pots and people taking goods.** There is transportation, a little crowded, and people having houses in a pattern, because still in some cities the houses are arranged that way.** It is in ruins, and also we don't know what there writing mean.** Maybe invaders attacked the people of Mohenjo-Daro.** =**__Assignment 3-8__**= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.
 * B. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?
 * C. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
 * D. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
 * E. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

The most important thing I learned was about the Pharaohs. The Pharaohs were really important to Egypt, and it was interesting to know what each Pharaoh did. Some pharaohs I learned about were Akhenaten, Hatshepsut, Djoser, and Senusret I. I especially liked learning about Ahkentan, and his controversial reign of Egypt. And I liked looking at the pictures of some monuments Pharaohs built, like pyramids, or temples, and more!

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

I didn't really understand the difference between Osiris and Anubis. In the textbook, it said that Osiris weighed the person's soul, and Anubis weighed the person's heart. But before I read the textbook, I had never heard of Osiris weighing the person soul. So this kind of confused me and before, I read it was only Anubis who weighed something, the person's heart.

3. What surprised me the most was...

The thing that surprised me the most is that people didn't decode the Rosetta Stone until about 2 centuries ago. I would have though people what discover the code before that! 4. I would like to know more about...

I would like to know more about the Osiris-Anubis Underworld tasks. Maybe that will help me be less confused because I would have more information.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

I think I will always remember Ahkenaten because he stands out in my mind about how he reigned Egypt. Also how people didn't like him and didn't want him to live. It is quite amazing that his son, who people believe is King Tut, was almost the opposite pharaoh of his father! King Tut was respected a lot and considered a great pharaoh.

=**__Assignment 3-5__**= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

** The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE-2200 BCE): ** Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids //**only**// during this time period in history. They were built so that the pharaohs could resurrect with Ra. There is a point on top of the pyramid because it shows that the Pharaoh in there will be with the point, or Ra. The workers were paid in grain during the wet season. But people are not sure how the pyramids were built, but there was likely use of some type of ramp, either spiraling up or going across the pyramid. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom. GRADE: 3 Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom---
 * what life was like during this time--
 * wars or battles and who was involved.

** The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE-1800 BCE): **The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. However, the Hyskos invade Lower Egypt and ruled it for about 200 years. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well. GRADE: 2.5

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

= ** The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE): ** The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period, which was started by Ahmos, the first ruler of Egypt's New Kingdom. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. The land Egypt took over also had valuable resources, like turqoise, copper, etc. However, even though Egypt was a strong empire, various attacks weakened Egypt's military power. This weakness eventually caused Egypt's New Kingdom to end. During the time period of the New Kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. = =Grade: 3.25= =Assignment 3-3=
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.

I would like to be Ra because he created humans! It would be fun to go into the underworld, although it might be scary in there. I would not like to be Shu because she has to carry the sky! It must be heavy.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Yes, there are some similarities between Egyptian gods and goddesses and Sumerian gods and goddesses. For example, Enlil and Ra are both the very powerful gods. I think they are similar because people in ancient times believed that there was a god for everything, and that there was hierarchy even among the gods. = =

=**Assignment 3-3**=
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? Egyptians preserved bodies by taking out organs, putting salt, and more, on the body. This is called mummification.
 * 2) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? The brain was removed when someone stuck a hook into the the nose and took the brain out. The brain was removed because it was an organ, and it would rot if it were in the body.
 * 3) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? They were the liver, stomach, lungs, brain, and intestines. They put them inside jars.
 * 4) What did they do with the heart? Why? People left the hearts in the body because the Egyptians believed that the heart was the brain. Later they would put a heart amulet, protecting the body.
 * 5) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Natron is salt that absorbs moisture. It was found on Earth. (don't know where it was discovered.)
 * 6) How was [|linen] used during mummification? Linen was wrapped around a body.
 * 7) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. AMulets are to give good luck to the person.
 * 8) What happens to the body after it was mummified? After the bodies are mummified, they are put into sarcophaguses.

=**__Assignment 3-2__**=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh?

I would feel pressured if I worked under a harsh pharaoh, but would be reasonable happy if I worked for a 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? The Third Dynasty was the beginning of the Old Kingdom. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. Egyptians felt that Egypt was the "Gods' land" and their pharaoh was god. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? The pharaoh's responsibility was to keep Egypt in order. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? He built the Pyramid of Giza and was a "harsh" ruler. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. The Old Kingdom's society was not that advanced. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? You are considered low class and you could be forced to fight for Egypt, although you get paid in grain. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? They worked on the pharaoh's work like pyramids, etc. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). They traded copper, granite, etc. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence Acquire means to gain. Egypt acquired wealth because of lots of trade. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? They would be placed in the nobles.

Egypt Comic



=Assignment 3-1=


 * Source: Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**

(Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. **(Use the textbook to help you with this part.)** 2. Label the Red Sea. 3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry 4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), and the oasis of Faiyum-Include dates, palm trees, and crocodiles. Provide an image and a description for each historic site 5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Hermopolis, Akhetaten, Memphis, Bubastis. Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine 6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta, the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature. 7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

Assignment 1 = Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? 2.Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.

1. I was born on a CE year. 2. 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, CE 1215, AD 2000. 3. If I read that an event happened c. AD 1000, it would mean that it was 1000 years after Jesus Christ was born, or about 1010 years before the present day.

= = =**__Assignment 2__**= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class.

Click here -> [|Timeline of Human History.pdf] to see a copy of the timeline. Write your questions **and the answers** on your wiki page. Questions:
 * 1) Did the telephone or the automobile come first?
 * 2) How many millennia passed between the Last Ice Age and the time when castles were built in Europe?
 * 3) Did modern humans invent the burin during or after the Last Ice Age?
 * 4) When the sewing needle was invented, were fish hooks in use?
 * 5) About how man centuries passed between the invention of paper in China and when Colombus reached the Americas?

Answers:
 * 1) The telephone came first.
 * 2) 19 millennia
 * 3) Modern humans invented the Burin during the Last Ice Age.
 * 4) When the sewing needle was invented, fish hooks were in use.
 * 5) About 14 centuries had passed betweeen the invention of paper in China and when Colombus reached the Americas.

=**__Assignment 3__**= Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? My roles in the "Creeation of a Puppet Show" project was being the narrator and stage manager. I also made the puppet Shu, wrote my part for the script, and helped make the scenery. 2. What Problems did your group run into? The problems my group ran into was having enough space to act out and fitting onto the scenery. 3. How did your group deal with these problems? My group dealt with this problem by making a bigger scenery. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. Two silimarities between the origin stories were all about gods and goddesses. Another similarity is there is some problem in every story. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). There were some similarities between the human creation stories of China and Greece. One similarity is that both origin stories explain a thing other than the creation of humans. Also both stories had gods and goddesses. There was also already the Earth and living things in both stories. THese are the similarities in the two stories. However there were also differences. For example, China's story said that there were monsters, but in Greece, other than gods and goddesses, there were no other living beings. Another difference is that in the China story, Nuwa was unhappy, but in the Greek story, the Titans were not happy or unhappy. These are the differences between the Chinese story and Greek story of how humans were created.
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

=__Assignment 4__= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? 3. How long ago did Lucy live? 4. What was an important step in human development? 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.** 6. Which hominid are you?

1. Lucy and other hominids were found in Africa. 2. The specific name of Lucy is Australopithecus. 3. Lucy lived more than 3 million years ago. 4. An important step in human development was when Austalopithecus stood on two legs. 5. 6. I am the homo sapien species of hominids.
 * Australopithecus lived in Africa about 4- 5 million years ago, and it stood on two feet. Australopithecus had a brain size about one- third of our brain.
 * Homo habilis used stone tools for chopping and scraping about 2.4 million years ago, and its brain was half the size of a regular human brain.
 * Homo erectus knew how to control fire and used an ax. They lived 2-1.5 million years ago, and they migrated out of Africa to live in Europe and Africa.
 * Homo sapiens existed in Africa about 200,000 years ago and developed language. They also knew how to make fire and use many tools, and they migrated all over the world.

=__Assignment 5__= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**?
 * 2) What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
 * 3) What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**?
 * 4) Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
 * 5) What is a **hunter-gatherer**?
 * 6) In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
 * 7) Define the boldfaced words above.

1.Historians needed archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory because they needed artifacts and skeletons to study history. 2.The advantage of walking completely upright was seeing things. 3. In the Paleolithic Era, people used a stone chopper. 4.I could make a stone tool that is like a hook so I could get my books without reaching for them. 5.A hunter gatherer is a person who hunts and gathers. 6.The most importatnt change brought by the development of language is how now we can communicate. 7. Prehistory: The time before humans Paleolithic Era: THe first period of the Stone Age hunter-gatherer: a person in the Paleolithic Era who hunts or gathers for his or her band.

=**__Assignment 6__**= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page. 1. Read the paragraph in the // Beginnings of Agriculture // section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.

1.Without this discovery, I wouldn't be able to know if I could eat or not- now there is a reliable food source. 2.Another name for the New Stone Age is the Neolithic Era. 3. They made stone tools. They used them for making saws and drills. 4.This hominid would be a homo sapien. 5.I think it is called a revolution bcause it is a huge development of knowledge. Who could have thought that we were able to grow food? 6.Domestication means the making of things morjkl;akjsdl;kfjals;dkfj;steven stasteven was a gvery great man and he was the good people. One of the greatest people on earthe useful for humans. 7.Cattle, sheep and goat were domesticated in Asia. 8.Corn was first domesticated in Asia. 9. If I were a farmer, I would grow my food, not hunt or gather. I would also domesticate things. Lastly, I would stay in one place, not travel regularly.

=**__Assignment 7__**= Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?

Test questions: What was Australopithecus? Why did people start to settle in one place in the Neolithic Era? Did Paleolithic people trade? If not, why didn't they?

Answers:hello my name 1. The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period is that people learned agriculture, which is growing your own food and domesticating living things. 2. People could grow the crops that were better and not plant the bad ones. People could also raise the good and healthy animals. 3. Some advantages were that people had a reliable food source and they could store any extra food. Some disadvantages is that people couldn't have bad animals.

=Hominids and their Characteristics= =Aspects of Daily life effects notes= Food Supply Occupation Population/ Settlement Resources Shelter Technology
 * Australopithecus- Australopithecus lived in Africa about 4- 5 million years ago, and it stood on two feet. Australopithecus had a brain size about one- third of our brain.
 * Homo habilis used stone tools for chopping and scraping about 2.4 million years ago, and its brain was half the size of a regular human brain.
 * Homo erectus knew how to control fire and used an ax. They lived 2-1.5 million years ago, and they migrated out of Africa to live in Europe and Africa.
 * ** Homo sapiens existed in Africa about 200,000 years ago and developed language. They also knew how to make fire and use many tools, and they migrated all over the world. **
 * People learned how to cultivate food.
 * People learned how to domesticated animals.
 * The agriculture was more predictable than hunting or gathering.
 * In the Paleolithic period, most people hunted or gathered.
 * In the Neolithic period, people could focus on other stuff since their was a better food source.
 * There was a wider variety of jobs.
 * Neolithic settlements were larger and more permanent.
 * The Neolithic people stayed longer in a settlement because there was a more reliable food source.
 * Paleolithic people traveled in bands from 20- 60 people.
 * More resources meant that people were more developed
 * Neolithic people traded obsidian the most.
 * On the Neolithic period, people started to trade
 * No one traded in the Paleolithic people because they used resources near them
 * Paleolithic people lived in tents.
 * Neolithic people built houses where they could work.
 * Neolithic houses were either found or rectangular.
 * Paleolithic people used stone tools called "stone choppers."
 * Neolithic people created sharp axes.
 * Neolithic people discovered that metal was better than stone because you could melt it, reshape it, or remold it.

=Vocabulary= Paleolithic period- the early stone age **Other notes**
 * Paleolithic period- the early stone age
 * Mesolithic period- the middle stone age
 * Neolithic period- the late stone age
 * society- a community that shares common culture.
 * land bridge- a strip of land that connects the two continents.
 * agriculture- farming and domesticating plants and animals
 * hunter gatherer- early humans that either hunted or gathered.
 * domesticating- to make changes to a plant or animal for benefits to us.
 * irrigation- the watering of plants by digging the ground so water from a lake or river can flow through so it would water the crops.
 * homo sapien- the smartest hominid ( we are homo sapiens). They originated approximately 200,000 years ago in the continent of Africa. They were the first how to create fire. They also used tools. They are called the wise man. They migrated all around the world.
 * homo erectus- Upright Man. They were the first to know how to control and use fire. Originated about 1-2.5 million years ago, the homo erectus migrated to Asia and Europe.
 * homo habilis- Handy Man. They made the first stone tools. Its brain is half the size of the modern human brain.
 * Australopithecus- Southern Ape appeared 4-5 million ago. It is believed that it stood on two legs and its brain was about one third of the modern day human.
 * The most famous and complete Australopithecus is called Lucy.
 * Language was the most important development.
 * Early humans were the first to develop religion.
 * South America was inhabited last.
 * Houses were usually caves or pit houses

= = =**__Assignment 8__**= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you?
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class?

3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.)

Answers:

1) The first thing about daily life that surprised me was that people could perform surgery. I couldn't have thought that people would have even known that it was possible! The second thing is that people built their houses right next to another house. They would have to climb on the houses to get to the house! This surprised me because I always think of towns with streets to other houses, not side by side. The last thing is that people gave animals to the person they want to wed, and the person who gives the rarest animal usually gets the person. I was surprised to know this because I wouldn't think people would give animals, I expected them to whomever gives the more valuable rock or something.

2) Three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk I already knew from class is 1) People had religion and they did things to the dead. And 2) People traded with each other for resources they couldn't acquire. Lastly, people learned how to irrigate their fields by "cutting" into the ground for water to flow into.

3) Jookie would probably help farm by gathering seeds or picking the crops, but I would probably be in school or going somewhere. Also her daily life would be picking seashells on the nearby seaside for trading. Lastly, she might have to climb on top of houses to reach her own house, unlike the way humans make houses now.

=**__Assignment 9__**= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

3. What surprised me the most was...

4. I would like to know more about...

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

Answers: 1.) The most important thing I learned was that not all of a sudden people learn something, but people slowly develop ideas and put them into action. 2.) Something that confused me was how people migrated to Australia and why people necessarily wanted to migrate out of Africa. 3.) The thing that surprised me the most was that people could do surgery with stone tools! 4.) I would like to learn more about how Australopithecus lived, as it is one of the earliest ancestors of mankind. 5.) The part I think I will always remember was that hominids actually could make good art and they were actually skilled at making tools.

=**__Assignment 2-1__**= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity****//to//help you answer the questions.**
 * Are you smarter than a Neolithic person?

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? The thing that helped human population to grow in Mesopotamia was the fertile soil for planting crops. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? Cultivate means to grow food. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? The problem was that there was too little food to support the large population. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? The best way to deal with food shortage is to try to find another place to grow food that has lots of space.
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? The river plains always got flooded by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. 2. How did they solve these problems? The built barriers, canals, and reservoirs. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? The nosw cam from the mountains above.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

=**__Assignment 2-2__**=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? Farmers got water to their fields by carrying buckets. 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? Farmers prevented flooding by building barriers, canals, and reservoirs, and taking care of them regularly. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? With them, you didn't have to go to the river to get water because there were little canals irrigating the fields. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? Surplus means an extra supply of something such as food. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? If one canal was clogged, then the whole irrigating system might not work. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? They cooperated and took care of them.
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? Mesopotamian villages helped each other by cooperating with the irrigating system. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? Cleaning up irrigating systems helped people be connected to each other. 3. What did many villages grow into? Many villages grew into towns. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? The region with many growing cities and towns was called Sumer. The people that lived there are called Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? One city could block one canal, and all the irrigating system, except its, would have no water. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? It is easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains because it is just a wide open flatland. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? The best defense plan to protect a city is to build a wall around the city.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=__Assignment 2-3__= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?

Answers

1.) The Fertile Crescent got its name because the soil there was good for growing crops and was very fertile. 2.) The most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile was irrigating the fields. 3.) The Division of Labor contributed to the growth of Mesopotamian civilization is that they had a bonding then. 4.) They could be a leader of the project, an if the person does a good job they might elect the person as the leader.

=**__Assignment 2-4__**= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. Yes. Korea has a democratic government. Korea has a regular food supply. It grows its own food and trades with other countries. Many people have different jobs, including, businessmen, taxi drivers, doctors, which is evidence of specialization of labor. There are different social levels. For example, the President of South Korea is the highest in power. Then the Senate (I think......I don't really know about Korean government...) and regular people. Korea has its own type of art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. One example is the Korean drums, not found in any other country in the world. Korea has a religious system, but not its own religion. Many people are Christians and Buddhists. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? No, only most of them.

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=**__Assignment 2-5__**= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 4) What did Sargon establish?
 * 5) Define 'empire'.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

1. The Akkadians lived north of Sumer. 2. THe relationship with the SUmerians was peaceful and not violent before the 2300s BCE 3. Sargon was the ruler of the Akkadians and attacked Sumer. 4. Sargon established an empire. 5. Empire means two different places that are ruled by one person. 6. Sargon is considered a great leader because he ruled well and was the first emperor. 7. Sargon ruled his empire for 50 years. 8. The Akkadian Empire got raided. 9. Sumer eventually became the most powerful civilzation in Mesopotamia again. 10. There are lots of people and houses, etc.

=__Assignment 2-6__= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

1. I liked the trading part of the game. I liked it because you had to //persuade// other traders to trade with your product, even if it was a worse deal for them. 2. I felt normal, but in a way I felt quite cunning, because my partners usually always gave me the product I needed, and I used the product well to get a monopoly. 3. The part that was difficult for me was choosing which product to trade someone with. 4. In my opinion, having a monopoly is advantageous because you get to control everything and then you have more money. 5. I would have changed the product I was trading (stones) to something of more worth. 6. It was better to cooperate because you can have trade with other people.

=**__Assignment 2-7__**=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? 3. Where was Babylon located? 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? 5. What is a monarch? 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

Answers

1. If I were their I would tell the king to treat people equally! 2. In 2000 BCE, Ur was destroyed. 3. Babylon was located close to the Euphrates River. 4. A guy name Hamurabi became king in 1792 BCE. 5. A monarch is a person who rules an empire or kingdom. 6. Hamurabi called his empire the Babylonian Empire. 7. Hamurabi was also wise to write down laws so people could know what punishments they would suffer etc., for certain crimes. 8. Hamurabi's Code was a set of 282 laws and covered regular life like trade and murder, etc. It covers lots of things. 9. Hamurabi's code was important because people knew what crimes would get which punishments and people could act well instant doing a crime without even knowing about it! 10. The Babylonian Empire eventually fell apart and people were in chaos because Hamurabi died. It's basically the same as the Akkadian Empire because he king stopped ruling and the people were in confusion and then it gave a chance for people to attack it, and that's what happened. 11. 202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. I definitely disagree with this law. Social status shouldn't matter, and this is very embarrassing and to harsh. 203. If a free-born man strike the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. I also disagree that this is also wrong, and it also implies that there are slaves in the Babylonian Empire, and although I knew about it, slavery is wrong-ALWAYS.

204. If a freed man strike the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money. I don't know how much ten shekels is worth, but again it says FREED.

I find all these three interesting because they all have to do with freed people and people of higher social status. I disagree on all 3.

=**__Assignment 2-8__**= =Characteristics of Civilization= =Civilization Name: Chaldeans= The priests were at the top, and so on. || These are some examples of religion, which is worshipping gods, etc. || Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not?
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==Six Characteristics of Civilization== || ==Evidence for Characteristic== || ==Explanation== ||
 * 1. A form of government || The Chaldleans had a king and laws. || A king and an army is one form of government. ||
 * 2. A food supply that is not likely to change. || There wasn't really any time in the Chaldean Empire when people went starving for long. || If you don't starve, it probably means you have a good food supply. ||
 * 3. Specialization of labor || Some people were government workers, priests, farmers, etc. || These many different jobs prove that their was division of labor. ||
 * 4. Different social levels || The king had the highest social level, along with the priests. The middle class were traders, etc. Poor people were slaves and farmers, etc. The higher classes got the most amount of money, and so on. || These different jobs earned different amounts of money, probing there are different social levels. ||
 * 5.Highly developed culture. || Some art is a statue. Others were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. || These are just a few example that probe that the Chaldeans had a highly developed culter. ||
 * 6.A system of religion || Chaldeans admired the Sumerian culture and religion. They also made devotional statues, like the Sumerians. There were gods, like Ishtar, who is a goddess. || Religion was some of the Sumerian religion. ||

=Assyrians= []

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=Hittites= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=Chaldeans= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM] My Comic!!! (it's bad :