Sean

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=**Assignment 6-5**= = = =Athens Creates Democracy (p.264-265)=

===Democracy **is a type of government in which people rule themselves instead of being ruled by one person like a King.**=== ===**-500 BCE, Athenian leader** Cleisthenes **(KLYS-thuh-neez) develops //world's first democracy// in Athens**===

===**-Cleisthenes set up the Assembly which was a large meeting of male citizens, sometimes about 6000 men. They met on a hill called a Pnyx (pah-NIKS).**=== ===**-all citizens (except women, slaves, and foreigners) gathered in an Assembly. Slaves were sent out to force male citizens to go to the assembly**===

===**-At the Assembly, they discussed, debated, and, finally, voted on important issues such as changing voting laws or how to fight the Persians who wanted to control Greece.**===



**Write answers in your notebook.**
===**1. During our Assembly, how did you feel as the debate and voting was happening?**===

**2. How do you think other people felt during our discussion in our Assembly?**
===**3. Why do you think so many people were excluded from an Assembly in Ancient Greece?**=== ===**4. Give three benefits and three drawbacks of Athenian Democracy by making a table like this:**===

**Athenian Democracy**

 * ===**Benefits (+)**=== || ===**Drawbacks (-)**=== ||

=**Assignment 6-4**=

Do a search for three Minoan and three Mycenaean artifacts and draw them in your notebook. Check the information in wiki 2 for ideas about what to search for (Minoan bull leaping is interesting). Under each picture, write a one-sentence caption describing the artifact and what it tells us about each civilization.

= Assignment 6-3 = Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //They both liked music, and traded. Both developed maritime technology. 2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// Minoans were more peaceful, and the Mycenaean wer war like. //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// Because they traded with each other. //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced? Egypt, spain// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

Assignment 6-2
 * Homer**

The [|Odyssey] is a 12,000-line Greek [|epic] poem dating from the eighth century B.C.E. An epic poem is a long poem divided into sections, or "books," that focuses on the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a hero. According to ancient Greek tradition, heroes were men who were born to one [|divine] and one human parent. The story of The Odyssey recounts the adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus during his 10-year voyage home to[| Ithaca] after the end of the [|Trojan War] in the thirteenth century B.C.E. Odysseus is considered the ideal Greek hero: an [|aristocratic] soldier of superior strength, intelligence, and courage, favored by the Gods. The poem is traditionally [|ascribed] to [|Homer] (circa 700 B.C.E.), who is considered the earliest Greek poet. Little is known about Homer's life, but ancient Greek playwrights referred to him as a "gifted blind poet." Some scholars believe that a line from a choral song attributed to Homer confirms this description: "If anyone should ask you whose song is sweetest, say: blind is the man and he lives in rocky Chios." Other scholars believe that "Homer" was the name given to a collective group of [|bards] who sang [|Mycenaean] folktales to entertain the nobles of [|Ionia], located on the west coast of [|Asia Minor]. It is generally believed that the exact author of The Odyssey is not as important as the ancient Greek values it contains. By listening to the stories in the poem, ancient Greeks learned standards of honorable behavior. These values, forged in the "Age of Heroes" during the Mycenaean Period, became the foundations of ancient Greek society.

Review the following Greek Values with your partner. Make sure you understand each idea. [|Athleticism] [|Hospitality] [|Ingenuity] [|Intuition] [|Justice] [|Loyalty] [|Respect][|Teamwork] 1. People who like sports have athleticism. 2. Orphans receive hospitality if they go to an orphanage. 3. People need to use there ingenuity to solve puzzles. 4. People need to make a good intuition for good impressions. 5. People who always act fair and equal to everybody have a lot of justice. 6. Loyal people have a lot of loyalty. 7. You need to have a lot of respect to kings and such because they are a higher being than you. 8. In soccer you need a lot of teamwork because you need to pass the ball a lot to other teammates.

= = Assignment 4-5 __Creating an Illustrated Ramayana Poem__

=After completing your Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India ** sheet answer the following comprehension questions: **=

**5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way. Edict F is justice for the prisoners, but it is also security for the prisoners because they don't get hurt. **
==** (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) **== =__Assignment 4-5__= Website: [|India-Government]

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments.

1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? Without having a central government, most things go out of control because no one is in charge of the people. 2. Who were Rajahs? A Rajah is a ruler in the city. 3. What is a Guru? A Guru is a type of teacher. 4. What subjects were taught in school? They were all on religious nature. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The Indus Priests were in charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? People looked up at the priests because they were in the highest social level because they interact with the gods.

1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation? My varna was Kshatriya. 2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why? My favorite part of the simulation was having power. I like to have power, because i always do everything for my brother. 3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why? A part made me angry is when people don't listen to me, or pay attention. 4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not? I don't think the system is that fair. I don't think the system is fair because, if you're a slave, you're forever a slave. If they have a child, the child is born a slave, forever a slave. 5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not? Yes I think they should do that. I think they should do that because, if no one is in charge, everything would be in carnage. No government means not a civilization.
 * __Assignment 4-4__ **
 * Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**
 * __Assignment 4-3__ **
 * Source:** [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png height="32" caption="external image pdf.png" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Archeologists+Ideas+Mohenjo-Daro.pdf"]] [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf]

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity? 2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain. 3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city? 4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region? 5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?

Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? Jewelry, ancient structures, decorations. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? It had different social levels. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? We can learn the daily attire of a person of Mohenjo-Daro, how they washed, etc. We can basically tell how a person's daily life was. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. They had all sorts of jobs, such as farmers, and priests. Merchants had weights for weighing things. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? He might have ruled Mohenjo-Daro, or had been a priest there. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? People used it for bathing. = =
 * __Assignment 4-2__ **

**Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**
 * __Assignment 4-1__ **


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.


 * Questions:**

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? The physiographic features are alike, but not exactly identical. 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? The Sarasvati River. 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. The land is fertile because of all the silt. Also, there is a water supply near by. 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. 5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? The Sarasvati River dried up.

__A. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?__ I learned about the culture, what they do everyday. I could maybe describe ancient person of Mohenjo Daro. __B. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?__ **I see different social levels. Some people are carrying the clothe, while other people are just walking around holding other things.** __C. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?__ **It looked very busy, always something moving around.** __D. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?__ We only have some artifacts from that time. __E. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?__=
 * I think they maybe ran out of food or recources.**

__Assignment 3-8__ Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... about overall egypt. I learned about all about the egyptians.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... all about the pharaohs. There so much of them and they all did different things.

3. What surprised me the most was... the Pharaohs did interesting things

4. I would like to know more about... The history of pharaohs. What is the origin?

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The mummification.

= = =__Assignment 3-5__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Grade: 2 The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE-2200 BCE): Pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history. Farmers, servants, and slaves mostly built the pyramids. They built three pyramids, called The Great Pyramid, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. The important thing about pyramids is that the pharaohs are placed in the pyramids so they can go to the afterlife. Things changed during the middle kingdom.
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Grade: 2 The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE-1800 BCE): The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. They didn't build any pyramids in this period though. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. Life was Golden at that time, thats why they called it the golden age. But at 1750 BC a group of people from asia called Hyksos attacked.And pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well.
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

**__Part 3__** Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** Grade: 2 The New Kingdom (1500 BCE-1000 BCE): The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. Life in the Empire would be glorious. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. Hatshepsut sent traders to trade with Asia. So then Egypt was getting richer and richer. Egypt didn't want any invasions, so they conquered many other countries, such as: Hyksos, Syria, Kush. By 1400's BC, Egypt's empire stretched from Southern Nubia and to the Euphrates River.
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

=__Assignment 3-4__= I would like to be Osiris, the god of the underworld. I would like to be this god because then, I could control the dead. The punishments of the underworld. It will be like controlling a whole world!! I would have enormous power. I would not like to be Isis. She helps people with her magic, so she probably be very busy. Nut and Anu were both the god of the sky. But Anu controls the shooting stars and such. I think they are similar because a lot of cultures have a god of the sky, like the Greeks and Zeus. = = = =
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

=__Assignment 3-3__= 1. So their body doesn't rot.2. They put salt in it. 3. A sharp tool was stuffed up the nose and liquified the brain. Then they threw it away. 4. They were put into pots and stored away. 5. THey kept it. It was known as the center of intelligence and emotions. 6. Natron is a salt that absorbs liquid. They used it to dry out the body. 7. Linen is a type of cloth. 8. They were used to protect them until they make it to the afterlife. One amulet, the heart amulet, was placed over the heart to protect it. The scarab amulet was there to symbolize a rebirth. 9. They put it in a coffin, and put the coffin in a sarcophagus.
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies?
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why?
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification?
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified?



Assignment 3-2=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I would feel privileged. For, he is a god. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? The Old KIngdom started at 2700 BC and ended at 2200 BC. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh.

4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? To feed his land, defend his country, stop wars... 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? He built the Pyramids of Giza. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.)

6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? Lots of things can be made, such as food and chores. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? They worked on the Pharaoh's project. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). The Egyptians traded stone to build buildings, wood to craft things, slaves, gold, silver, copper, and much more. Syria mostly traded with Egypt. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. To buy or obtain. I acquired a souvenir. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? Viziers will be about between nobles and scribes.

= = = = = = =Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.



=**__Assignment 2-8__**= =Characteristics of Civilization= =Civilization Name: Assyrians= Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? It was kind of difficult because you needed to actually dig in and read closely. =Assyrians= []
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==Six Characteristics of Civilization== || ==Evidence for Characteristic== || ==Explanation== ||
 * ===== A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of society. ===== || They had kings. || Kings are a system of government. ||
 * ===** A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. **=== || They live between the two rivers. || They had a irrigation system and got crops. ||
 * ===** Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. **=== || There were kings, traders, weapon makers and more. || Kings, traders, and weapon makers have different jobs. ||
 * ===** Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. **=== || Tukulti-Ninurta is a king. || The king is in a higher level than others. ||
 * ===** A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. **=== || There is a winged bull. || That is art. ||
 * ===** A religious system, which might include priests and temples. **=== || There were statues of Marduk the god. || Marduk is a god, making them religious. ||

[]

=Hittites= [|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM]

[]

=Chaldeans= []

[|http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM]

= = =**__Assignment 2-7__**=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? I would advise the king by saying that nobles aren't that different than common people. I was a common person once. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? It was a great city-state, but it was reduced to ruins. 3. Where was Babylon located? In the Euphrates River. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Hammurabi was the king. He became king in 1792 BC. 5. What is a monarch? A ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? He called his empire Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? A ruler, he improved irrigation systems, but he was known for his laws and codes. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? It is 282 laws. It covered trade,loan, theft, marriage and much more. 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. It was very thorough and it was written down for anyone to see. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? The Babylonian Empire fell, when Hammurabi died. This similar with the Akkadian Empire Because when Sargon died his Empire fell. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. 21. If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried. I think this one is cruel. He should at least put into court. 127. If any one "point the finger" (slander) at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and can not prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.) This one I don't understand. Does Hammurabi mean the finger by the middle finger? 195. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. This one I disagree because it's to harsh. Maybe just hanging him of a wall with his hands will be better, but not cutting it off.

=**__Assignment 2-6__**= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? I liked the part of how people tricked people and got monopoly. 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? I felt angry when someone tricked ao they got monopoly. 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? I didn't get half of the game. 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry?

5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

=**__Assignment 2-5__**= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 4) What did Sargon establish?
 * 5) Define 'empire'.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

1. The Akkadians lived north of Sumer. 2. They lived in peace for many years. 3. Sargon was the king of Akkad, and he broke peace between Sumerians and the Akkadians. He extended Akkadian territory by taking over Sumer. 4. He established the first empire. 5. Empire: a series of states or countries, controlled by one person of power. 6. He was a good leader because he extended the Akkadian territory, and he made the new capital. 7. He only ruled it for 50 years. 8. It got raided and captured after a century after his death. 9. Sumer 10. It had alot of buildings, and it had a massive wall around the city and had a temple for a god.

=**__Assignment 2-4__**= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?

1. Yes, from Korea, there is a language, there's culture, writing, architecture. So does the U.S. They have, language, writing, architecture, culture. They are also both hierarchical. 2. No, because not all civilizations have a stable food supply. Also, some places might not have literature or science. **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:** 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.

=__Assignment 2-3__= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamian civilization? 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?

1. It;s fertile and it looks like a crescent. 2. So people can survive there. 3. The division of labor kept everything organized so it led to success. 4. If you, start building complex irrigation systems, you need a leader, which will lead to government.

= = =Assignment 2-2=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

1. They dug canals and made the water come to them. 2. They made levees, they are tall dirt walls with holes drilled into them. 3. 4. surplus 5. then the whole entire place will start flooding. 6. The different villages all worked together.

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? 3. What did many villages grow into? 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

1. They shared canals and dug them together. 2. They used some of the same canals. 3. Cities of at least 1,000 people. 4. We call this region Sumer, and the people who live there are called Sumerians. 5. They could block their canals. 6. They could just stop there water so they can't eat. 7. A huge tall wall, surrounding the city. Then a very deep and wide trench surrounding the wall outside. One part of the wall will be loose and can push. The it will fall, acting like a bridge on the trench. That's for getting out. Defending is holes drilled through the walls so the people can shoot arrows or something.

= = =__Assignment 2-1__=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to//help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? 2. What does //cultivate// mean? 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. Irrigation. 2. to cultivate means to grow. 3. The population was expanding so the people couldn't have food for everyone. 4. Move to a more reliable place to get tons and tons of food for everyone.

=**In Class Activity 2-1: How Sumerian City-States Emerged **=

**Objectives**

 * identify probable factors in the development of city-states in Mesopotamia
 * list the key features of a Sumerian city-state

Maps


You are a Villager in Neolithic Mesopotamia. Click on the links below to read about the problems faced by Neolithic Sumerians and decide how you will solve each problem with your group. Event A: Food Shortage Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex System Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? 2. How did they solve these problems? 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? =**__Assignment 9__**= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

1. The single most important thing I learned was... Aspects to life of the neolithic era.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... The centuries and time lines. 3. What surprised me the most was... That, as I said in Assignment 8, brain surgery in the Neolithic.

4. I would like to know more about... What was there before humans evolved on 2 legs.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... Neolithic means new stone, Paleolithic means old stone, and Mesolithic means middle stone.

=**__Assignment 8__**= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) 1. What surprised me is that they had brain surgery, had irrigation, and they had pet cats and everything. Brain surgery is really complex, but they actually made a hole on there head and did it. Irrigation seems like something a genius needs to come up of, it will save people from droughts! And having cats as pets surprised me because we have pet cats today! I didn't know pets were around at that time. 3. One way that Jookie's life is different to mine is that she lived in a dirt house, while I lived in concrete with wooden walls and floor. Another is that she probably didn't go to school and just did ancient work all day. Also, she probably didn't have as good clothing as mine.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

= = =Hominids and their Characteristics=
 * Australopithecus- Started walking upright
 * Homo Habilis- Started using tools
 * Homo Erectus- Started using fire
 * Homo Sapien- US!!!

=Aspects of Daily life effects notes= Paleolithic: a ram, and little wheat grain Neolithic: lamb, wheat and lots of grains Paleolithic: hunting and gathering Neolithic: pottery, building, tool making, making trenches for irrigation Paleolithic Pop. : Had a little population because the people died when had no food. Neolithic Pop. : Had bigger population because they had towns and houses Paleolithic Settle. :tents because they needed to move a lot Neolithic Settle. : houses because agriculture made them get a reliable food supply, so they didn't move a lot, so they made __//**HOUSES**//__!!! Paleolithic Resources: meat, water They did not trade that much because they moved around a lot! Neolithic Resources: meat, water!!!!! They traded very much because they settled in one place Paleolithic Shelter: tents Neolithic Shelter: Mud brick houses Paleolithic Technology: hand stone axe Neolithic Technology: Arrow heads, drills, saws
 * Food supply:
 * Occupations
 * Population/Settlement
 * Resources
 * Shelter
 * Technology

=Vocabulary= Paleolithic Age- Old Stone Age Mesolithic Age- Middle Stone Age Neolithic Age- New Stone Age They all come from the **STONE AGE**!!! Irrigation- to dig in the ground to get water B.C.E- before the common era C.E- Common era Agriculture- Farming and domesticating Domesticate- Tame animals and/or grow plants. =Other notes= Lucy was the first Australopithecus and was hairy all over. Homo Habilis was the first hominid to make tools and was partially hairy. Homo Erectus is the first hominid to control fire and looked more human. Homo Sapien is the first hominid to **MAKE** fire and looked like us.

= = =**__Assignment 7__**= Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

What is agriculture? Why is agriculture very important in the Neolithic Period? Why do the Paleolithic people have tents and the Neolithic people have houses?

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?

1. The main difference of the Old stone and the new stone age was there settlement. In the Neolithic Period someone finnaly founded agriculture so they grow there own food. That meant they don't travel that much. But once in a while they traded. But since they traded, they didn't move so made houses. But in the Paleolithic period they didn't trade at all and just were nomads. That's why the Paleolithic people had tents not houses. 2. They weren't nomads, they stayed and grew food and traded and life was easier. 3. One advantage is that there is free food! One disadvantage is that you might not have food for the winter. You might run out of meat.

=**__Assignment 6__**= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?).

Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.

= = 1. This discovery would make life a ton easier. Just free meat and plants anytime! 2. The Neolithic age 3. They made the first saws and tools. The saw and drill were two. They were used for drilling maybe a hole for seeds and a saw for cutting. 4. Homo Erectus 5. I think they call it this because it is like the Industrial Revolution just with cavemen technology. 6. Domesticating things is like changing living things so they become useful for humans. 7. The horse, cattle, sheep, goat. 8. In southern North America. 9. One thing you can grow your own food and just gather them up in the fields every year. And you wouldn't hunt because I have chickens and cattle I'm raising. So I wouldn't need to hunt.

= = =**__Assignment 5__**= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**?
 * 2) What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
 * 3) What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**?
 * 4) Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
 * 5) What is a **hunter-gatherer**?
 * 6) In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
 * 7) Define the boldfaced words above.

1. Thay need to see fossils and ancient artifacts to make history. 2. Seeing much farther. 3. They used spears, bones, and rocks. 4. A tool that made up for chores will be a wooden stick with a sharp point and edge except for the handle.With that, i cold reach for stuff and get stuff easier. 5. A hunter gatherer is a person who hunts meals, and gathers plants. 6. We can communicate!!! 7. Prehistory: he time people wrote stuff down Tools: things that make life easier Paleolithic Era: also Known as the stone age, hominids made the first tools and made campfires and such Hunter-Gatherer: A hunter gatherer is a person who hunts meals, and gathers plants.

=__Assignment 4__= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? 3. How long ago did Lucy live? 4. What was an important step in human development? 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus
 * Homo habilis
 * Homo erectus
 * Homo sapiens

6. Which hominid is us now?

1. Lucy and other hominids were found in East Africa. 2. The scientific name for Lucy was Australopithecus. 3. Lucy lived about 3 million years ago. 4. They made tools, controlled fire, and our brains got bigger. 5. The Australopithecus hominid's brain is about 1/3 our brain size. The Homo habilis' brain size is about half of ours. The Homo erectus wre very smart, they learned to control fire. And finally the Homo sapiens. They are the smartest. They have developed languages and migrated all around the world. 6. The hominid we are right now are the Homo sapiens.

=**__Assignment 3__**= Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? 2. What Problems did your group run into? 3. How did your group deal with these problems? 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph).
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

1.I was the props manager and played as the sun god Ra. 2. One problem that we ran into is when James felt sick. Also when we couldn't use our background when it was too small. 3. We dealt with these problems by making a bigger background quickly and Mathew played as James. 4. One similarity is that all the stories had a figure of importance, a king or queen, or god etc. 5. I will compare and contrast the story of Greek and the story of China. One thing was that they both had more than one immortal being. Also they both modeled humans out of a kind of dirt. One thing different about them is that The Greek story had no goddesses. And also, Nuwa did not even create animals. She also didn't give humans special gifts like speed and stuff. She just made them and the became poor or rich. In the Greek story, no one was rich, no one was poor. But in the Chinese story there was. And also, none was punished. In the Greek story, they didn't get tired how Nuwa did.

=Assignment 2=

1. What year was the telephone invented? 1876 CE 2. When was the first building event? The pyramids __built__ in Egypt. 3. When did that happen? 2530 BCE 4. How much years were between the beginning of the time line and the end of the time line? 102,000 years 5. How much years past since the invention of the automobile. 116 years

= = =Assignment 1=

Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**.

1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean?

1. CE 2. 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, CE 1215, Ad 2000 3. That means around AD 1000.