Sung+Jun

== =__Welcome to James's Wiki Pages!! Enjoy!__=

= __Achievements of Sumerians__ =



= =

=**__Assignment 1 __**= Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.

Answer : 1. I was born on an C.E. year. 2. 3100 BC, 15 B.C.E., AD 3, AD 476, C.E. 1215, A.D. 2000. 3. It means you read about an event that happened about year 1000. (p.4)

=**__Assignment 2__**= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class. Questions:
 * 1) On which century was the color television invented?
 * 2) On which decade did the inventing of the light bulbs take place?
 * 3) Which Event happened first, 20,000 B.C.E. or 40,000 B.C.E.?
 * 4) If you saw a event happen in c. B.C. 7000, what does that mean?
 * 5) Did paper inventing in China happened on 1st century? If not, which century did it take place in?

Answers:
 * 1) 20th century
 * 2) the 1870's
 * 3) The 40,000 B.C.E.
 * 4) It means you saw an event that happened on about year B.C. 7000.
 * No, it took event on 2nd century

=**__Assignment 3__**= Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See  Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page. 1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? 2. What Problems did your group run into? 3. How did your group deal with these problems? 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph).
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

Answers:
 * 1) My role was Shu, the god of air and I was the Script director. I also did eye that went around looking for Shu and Tefnut.
 * 2) We didn't really run into a problem except that our director wanted to do a song at the end.
 * 3) Our director begged and begged so we let him sing because he was so desperate.
 * 4) The similarities are is that there are at least 1 god in the story. The second similarities is that at least 1 thing doesn't go right for the main character.
 * 5) The Greek one and Sumer origins stories have in common that the gods try to make human not strong enough to face up to gods. They also didn't want human to get such power. The differences are that in greek stories, they make animals. In the sumer stories, they just make earth and make people which die after a while.

=__Assignment 4__= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? 3. How long ago did Lucy live? 4. What was an important step in human development? 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus
 * Homo habilis
 * Homo erectus
 * Homo sapiens

6. Which hominid is us now?

1. The continent Lucy was found on was in Africa. 2. The scientific name of Lucy is //Homo erectus.// 3. Lucy lived more than 3 million years ago. 4. An important step in human development was walking on two legs. 5. The difference between these hominids are the size of their brains. They all had different sizes. They all have different names with them. They all used different tools as closer it came to our time. Later on, there is a difference that the people started to migrate from just staying in the country and later on, migrating around the world. To say all of this easily, the are all very different with their own unique fact. **
 * Answers:


 * Australopithecus: the name means "southern ape". Appeared in Africa at about 4-5 million years ago. This creature stood upright and walked on two legs. The brain size is about one third of out brains today.
 * Homo habilis: the name means "handy man". Appeared in Africa about 2.4 million years ago. They used stone tools for chopping and scraping. Their brains are half the size of our brains today.
 * Homo erectus: the name means "upright man". Appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago. Used early stone tools like a hand ax. They migrated out of Africa to Europe.
 * Homo sapiens: the name means "wise man". Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago. They migrated around the world. They are the same species as the human beings. They learned to create fire and use a variety of tools. Later, the developed language.

6. The hominid that is us now are the //Homo sapiens// or called the "wise ones".

=__Assignment 5__= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**?
 * 2) What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
 * 3) What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**?
 * 4) Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
 * 5) What is a **hunter-gatherer**?
 * 6) In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
 * 7) Define the boldfaced words above.

Answers: a. **prehistory**: the time before people could write b. **tools**: any handheld object that is modified to help a person accomplish their task c. **Paleolithic Era**: the stone age that lasted until about 10,000 years ago d. **hunt-gatherer**: people who hunt animals, gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts
 * 1) Historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory because they rely on the facts of knowing the prehistory. Since archaeologists studied the important facts of prehistory and anthropologists study mankind, when they work together, historians should need them to help study about the prehistory. Prehistory means the time before there was writing.
 * 2) An advantage of walking completely upright would be to hold something in your hands while you are walking or running. For example, if you saw a mammoth, you would run, holding your spear in your hands. If we walked like other mammoths, which is walking on four legs, we would have a problem carrying it.
 * 3) The kind of tools people used during the Paleolithic Era would be stone tools.
 * 4) A tool I would use made out of stone would be a stone with a sharp edge and a flat, bold edge. The sharp edge to cut and the flat edge to mush things like food. I would attach a string to the tool and put it around my neck to carry it everywhere. I would make a tool, that is made from wood, a spear with a cloth over it when not in use and a side with a straight, long piece of wood for grilling food. Or picking things up.
 * 5) Hunter-gatherers are people that hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts.
 * 6) In my opinion, the most change by the development of language would be from long time ago, when they used paintings or drawings as language until today. Where we have all types of languages, from all around the world.
 * 7) The boldfaced words defined are beneath the text I am writing now. [[image:88065205 height="17" caption="images.jpeg"]]

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page. Questions : 1. Read the paragraph in the // Beginnings of Agriculture // section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.

Answers : 1.Without this discovery, I wouldn't be able to know if I could eat or not- now there is a reliable food source. 2.Another name for the New Stone Age is the Neolithic Era. 3. They made stone tools. They used them for making saws and drills. 4.This hominid would be a homo sapien. 5.I think it is called a revolution bcause it is a huge development of knowledge. Who could have thought that we were able to grow food? 6.Domestication means the making of things more useful for humans. 7.Cattle, sheep and goat were domesticated in Asia. 8.Corn was first domesticated in Asia. 9. If I were a farmer, I would grow my food, not hunt or gather. I would also domesticate things. Lastly, I would stay in one place, not travel regularly.

= __Assignment 7__ = Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

(1) We are Homo _. (2) Why is finding out how to grow crops such a big deal? (3) How many years have past since Lucy lived?

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?

Answers :

(1) We are Homo Sapiens. (2) That's how it changed from Paleolithic period to Neolithic period. That's how they found out farming. (3) About 3 million years past since Lucy lived.

1. The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in Neolithic period is that people found out agriculture, which is farming food and growing animals. 2. Peoples didn't have to run around the mountain searching for food and people had more higher percent of eating instead of starving because you didn't catch any animals. 3. The advantage is that people could now just stay at home and have free time. The disadvantage is that if there was a famine, it would be likely that the whole group of people would die of starvation.

=Hominids and their Characteristics= =Aspects of Daily life effects notes=
 * Australopithecus: it means southern ape. They walk on two legs. The Australopithecus's brain is mixed with the human's brain and monkey brain.
 * Homo habilis: the name means "handy man". Appeared in Africa about 2.4 million years ago. They used stone tools for chopping and scraping. Their brains are half the size of our brains today.
 * Homo erectus: the name means "upright man". Appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago. Used early stone tools like a hand ax. They migrated out of Africa to Europe.
 * Homo sapiens: the name means "wise man". Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago. They migrated around the world. They are the same species as the human beings. They learned to create fire and use a variety of tools. Later, they developed language.

=Vocabulary= = Agriculture - to grow crops and animals = The Paleolithic era - the old stone age The Neolithic era - the new stone age. It turned to Neolithic era from Paleolithic era by people learning agriculture. Hunter Gatherers - people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits and nuts to survive. Domesticating - to make changes to a plant or animal for benefits to us. Irrigation - the watering of plants by digging the ground so water from a lake or river can flow through so it would water the crops.

=Other notes=
 * Lucy: the most complete fossil / skeleton of Australopithecus. ****

=**__Assignment 8__**= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.)
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

1) The first things that surprised me was that 2 cats were better. The second thing was that they had surgery. The Last thing was that they decorated dead body which is like religion I didn't know they had religions 2) I knew they had houses made out of mud, I knew they gave animal to people they want to marry and I knew that people traded resource. 3) I don't have to marry or think about marrying when I'm 12 years old. I don't know how to survive on my own (I don't know how to create fire, how to cure people that are injured, and I don't have houses made out of mud bricks

=**__Assignment 9__**= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... 1) The single most important thing I learned was that people back then didn't get better really quickly like us. They would take like 40~100 years to build a ipod when we would just build a ipod in couple years. 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was that how the heck the peoples went to Australia. 3. What surprised me the most was... The thing that surprised me the most was that people back then had surgeries. (Which was kind of disgusting) 4. I would like to know more about... I would like to learn about animals that lived during australopithecus time. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I think I will always remember is that they had surgery (Sorry I used surgery 2 times. but I'm really serious about this because to me the surgery was really gross).

=__Assignment 2-1__= Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to//help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? 2. What does //cultivate// mean? 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? 2. How did they solve these problems? 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? =**Event A: Food Shortage**=
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

1. People stayed in one place and made their food with seeds. So this made their life easier and they made more babies. 2. Cultivate means to grow 3. The major problem for farmers on Zagros Hills was in 5000 B.C.E. when they didn't have any more space to feed their mans. This is food shortage ^-^ 4. I think the best thing to do to deal with the food shortage is A because if they need more water for crops to grow, they could just dig the water to them so the crops can grow well =**Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**=

1. 1) The river flood suddenly in unexpected times. 2) The land was dried the most of the year. 2. They solved these problems by controlling the water. They built dams and dug path for water to flow for the water to get to the people. 3. The melted snow came from the mountains.

=__**Assignment 2-2**__=
 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? 2. How did farmers prevent flooding? 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

=Answers:= 1) The farmers just got the water with a bucket. 2) The farmers built a wall made out of dirt called levees. 3) The levees made life easier because the farmer just made holes in them to get water. The canal made life easier because it was easier to control the current of the water. Dam made life easier by blocking water flows. Reservoirs made life easier by making it able to store water in some rivers. 4) Surplus means extra supply of something such as food. 5) If one canal was clogged, the water current would go out of direction and it would flood or the things that the people built around the river would be destroyed. 6) The different villages would clean the reservoirs and dams

1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? 3. What did many villages grow into? 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=Answers:= 1) The Mesopotamian helped each other by sending workers to each other to help them work. 2) The far away people connected by canals. 3) Many villages grew in to city a towns. 4) The people are from Mesopotamian Sumer and the people from that place is called Sumerians. 5) One city could block other city's water by building canal or dams. 6) It was easy to attack other cities because there are no things to hide in and no things to bother them while moving around. 7) Making trap was the best defense plan to protect a city.

**Assignment 2-3** Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?

1. The Fertile Crescent got its name because it has good soil and it is easy to grow things there. 2. The most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile is to grow things (usually food). 3. Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamian civilization by people getting different work to do.

**Assignment 2-4** Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?

1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples. 1) Yes, I think Korea is a civilization according to the six characteristics because we have governor system such as Myung Bak Lee, and food supply that wont suddenly change, we have different job such as author, movie director, and teachers, we have poor and rich, We have high developed culture as in we have writings, science, and music, and we have religious system because we have temples and priests. 2) No, I think they don't need different social levels because that's saying rich people and poor people.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=**__Assignment 2-5__**= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.


 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live?
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
 * 3) Who was Sargon and what did he do?
 * 4) What did Sargon establish?
 * 5) Define 'empire'.
 * 6) Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
 * 7) How long did Sargon rule his empire?
 * 8) What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
 * 9) Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
 * 10) Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

1. They lived in north of Sumer. 2. They never fought and had piece until 2300s B.C.E. 3. He was a emperor and he attack sumer ending the piece. 4. He established the world's first empire. 5. Empire means group of nation ruled by 1 emperor. 6. He made the first empire and he gained respect from his soldiers by eating them everyday. 7. He ruled his empire for more than 50 years. 8. They got raided and captured 9. Sumer 10. In the picture it shows that Ur was an advanced city because there was lots of houses, the place is pretty big, and they have walls and kept the invaders away.

=**__Assignment 2-6 __**= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? 3. What part of the game was difficult for you? 4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? 5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? 6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

1) I liked the part when the person I'm trading with doesn't know that I have a monopoly. 2) I felt challenged because if person A has a JEWELRY and is collecting stone, I would get stone from someone who doesn't need it and trade him. It is very challenging to find someone with the right card. 3) I think I said it but I'll say it again. It is very hard to find someone with the right cards. 4) If you are the only person selling jewelry then people who want jewelry MUST buy it from you. But if there is 2 people selling jewelry, then it is 50% that the people who needs jewelry will come to person A's store. 5) If I could change something, I would add "Stealing" system. I'm pretty sure that some peoples killed people to steal their things. So we add a stealing system where you do tic-tac-toe together and the winner gets the thing they were fighting for. the loser cant trade for the next 15 seconds and must get illuminated for 15 seconds. 6) I think it was better to be cooperate because if they want something from you and you refuse, they would get mad and later, if they have something you want, he wont give it to you. So I think we should cooperate.

=**__Assignment 2-7 __**=
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? 3. Where was Babylon located? 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? 5. What is a monarch? 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

=**__Assignment 2-8 __**= =Characteristics of Civilization 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples = =Civilization Name: The Assyrians =  Q. Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not? A. No, it was pretty easy because you gave us the source and the page numbers. it was EASY!! :P!! =Assyrians= []
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==Six Characteristics of Civilization== || ==Evidence for Characteristic== || ==Explanation== ||
 * 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. || Kings and Government (Citizens) ruled Assyrians. || Nineveh ruled the assyrians and the citizens had the right to be a part of a government. ||
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. || Peoples had enough food. || Farmers grew crops on their farmland. ||
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. || There was lot of different types of job like soldiers, governors, farmers, etc. || Since there was a lot of jobs, there was have been Specialization of labor. ||
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. || There was King, Governors, Soldiers, and Slaves. || Kings had a lot of power and the slaves had no power at all. ||
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. || Devotional Statues for the gods. || They must have had a lot of craftmans to build those devotional statues. ||
 * <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;">6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples || Temple was near the center of the villages and a very very important place. Also devotional statues for the gods. || <span style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">There must have been a lot of temples for everyone to use. ||

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=Hittites= []

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=Chaldeans= []

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== = = = = =Assignment 1=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

=**__Assignment 3-2__**=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. **__Answers:__ 2.**
 * <span style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed?
 * 1. It would be right thing to protect the pharaoh and work for them because they are the peoples who make egypt right.

= __Assignment 3-3__ =
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies?
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why?
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification?
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified?

A nswers
1. The Egyptians believed that the souls find their way back to their body by recognizing their own body. 2. They would take out the brain and other organs. Then they wrapped you with linen that was salted with Natron. They preserved bodies by mummification. 3. They would cut of you nose, then stick a metal hook in to your brain. They would then break the brain in to pieces and take them out with a spoon. 4. Intestines, stomach, liver, and lungs were removed from the body. Each of the organs were put in a jar. 5. The Egyptians weighed the heart to see if it's lighter or heavier than the feather of truth. 6. Natron is a salt that was used by egyptians for mummification. It absorbs water so egyptian used it to make the dead body completely dry. It came from <span style="font-family: sans-serif,helvetica,sans-serif;">Wadi El Natrun. 7. Linen was used to wrap the dead body. 8. Amulets are small pieces of jewelry that egyptian thought would wear off the devils. 9. After mummification, the people drew the sign "The Eye of Horus" to allow the pharaoh to see through the coffin wall until he returns.

=**__Assignment 3-4__**= <span class="currency_converter_link"> **Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and <span style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">goddesses. Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or <span style="font-family: helvetica,arial,sans-serif;">goddess. Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**. I want to be Osiris because I wont die and I could kill anyone I want. I would also have a temple built for me and people would still think that I gave them barley, an important crop. I don't want to be Sobek because all he does is beat up animals to protect the king and the reason I don't like it is because Sobek is name of a beer on korean. First of all, I think civilization and looks don't really matter... But I'll answer the question anyways!! To me, the Mesopotamian gods look completely different accept for the fact that they look a bit like animals.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Assignment 3-5 Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved