Amy

= = = = = = = = =Assignment 6-3= Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?//

Both Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations had trade by sea with other countries such as Egypt and Asia Minor. The Minoans and Mycenaeans both had entertainment like musical performances and were developed in farming. They both were expert shipbuilders and sailors and influenced the entire Aegean region.

//2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?//

The Mycenaeans unlike the Minoans was focused on developing strong military while the Minoans did not have war equipment or fortresses and were very peace-loving. The most of the Greek myths come from Mycenae. The Mycenaeans had a hierarchical society although the Minoans had a egalitarian culture where everyone was equal. The Minoan culture was based on sea and had fishing, farming, and local arts. Lastly, the Mycenaeans were the first to speak Greek and considered as Greeks while the Minoans didn't speak Greek language and weren't thought to be of Greek nationality.

//3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?//

I think that many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae because it was a model culture for the Mycenaeans.

//4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?//

The Minoan civilizations might have influenced the countries they had trade with and the Aegean region because merchants from those countries might have bought Minoan goods and brought them to their countries.

//5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?//

I would have expected myths or stories of war heroes from the Mycenaean civilization and mural paintings from the Minoan civilization to have survived in later Greek history.

//6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

The decline of the Mycenaean civilization was caused by invasions from Europe and probably earthquakes. The Minoan civilization declined because of volcanic eruptions. So both civilizations declined partly because of environmental hazards.

= = =Assignment 4-6= = **After completing your** __** Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India **__ sheet answer the following comprehension questions: = == 1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts? ==

The main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts were Buddhist Values, General Welfare, Justice, and Security.
== 2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India? ==

Ashoka wrote edicts related to unification to promote unity in India.
== 3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India? ==

Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contributed to the unification of India by maintaining peace and make everyone feel included.
== 4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period? ==

Ashoka's army might have conquered nearby countries and united them into one empire.
==5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way == == (i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice) Station H ("Everywhere, I Ashoka.....have arranged for two kinds of medical treatment: medical treatment for men and medical treatment for animals.") can be categorized into General Welfare because medical treatment is for maintaining health of everyone in the empire. ==

= = == My Ramayana Poem = =

= =
 * __ Assignment 4-4 __** **Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.** 1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation?

I was put into Brahman during the caste system simulation. This class consists of priests and used to be the highest class in Ancient India.
=2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why?=

=
My favorite part of the simulation was that I could do everything that I wanted and because nowadays we don't have social classes and are not treated by our social status, it was new and a good experience.====== =3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why?=

One part of this simulation that made me upset was that important and high privileged people like Brahman could abuse power. I think that power should be given to people with morals and competent.
=4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not?=

No, I don't think this system is fair because I think that privileges should be earned by hard work and not just because you were born into upper-class society.
=5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?=

No, I don't think that a society should organize people into social classes because it doesn't allow people with potentials to fully grow into their abilities and limit their future prospects.
= =

=**__ Assignment 4-1 __** **Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]** = = **Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:** **I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today. Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E. = = **Questions:** 1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? = My map has most of the geographic features that the other map has. = 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? = One different physiographic feature on this map is Sarasvati River. = 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. = I think that settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers because the surrounding land had fertile soil and water and it provided transportation and trade. Not only that, the Sarasvati river is located near the coast which can be used for fishing and seafood. = 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. 5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? =

The ancient Indian people eventually migrated to the Ganga River because the Sarasvati River had dried up by 1900 BC. = = =Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page.= =1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?=

Answer: A metal plate, set of weights, terracotta tablet, figurines, model cart, necklace, and seal were found during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro. = = =2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?=

Answer: Mohenjo-Daro had civilized systems like sewer drainage, and bricks for construction. = = =3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?=

Answer: We can learn how the people were like, how they lived, and their society. = = =**4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.**=

In Mohenjo-Daro, the people led civilized lives including a sewer system and because of the Indus Valley, they had good farming(due to the silt that floods left behind), trade, entertainment, and other things. I can tell that they are a very advanced civilization because they knew to use bricks, had sewer system, entertainment, language, developed arts, and measurement. For example, Mojenjo-Daro was the only place at the time period to have drains and the one that is comparable to the system in Mohenjo-Daro was built by Romans who came 2000 years after. Another example is the set of weighs. This shows the people in Mohenjo-Daro had measurement. These examples show that the city of Mohenjo-Daro was a developed nation. = = =5. What do we know about the Priest-King?=

Answer: He is thought to have been an important ruler or priest. He wears matching jewelry and is carved into stone. = = =6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?=

The Great Bath is a mysterious building that resembles a pool. Although archaeologists are not sure what they were used for, they think its uses might have been for religious ceremonies and public bath.

=Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions __clearly__ and __completely__ on your wiki page. **Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.**= =1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?=

I learned that Mohenjo-Daro was much more advanced that the civilizations at that time. Although other nations did not have plumbing, Mohenjo-Daro did have plumbing that is comparable to the one that was built 2000 years later by the Romans.

=2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain.=

I think that this civilization is represented by a highly developed city culture characteristic because of its sewer system, pottery, and jewelry. Mohenjo-Daro's society was more advanced than most other civilizations. For example, there was plumbing and its only comparable sewer system had been built by the Romans who came after 2000 years.

=3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?=

Mohenjo-Daro had many advanced systems like plumbing, measurement, language, and brick buildings. These things can be found easily in our society today.

=4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?= I think it is because ancient civilizations in Indus-Sarasvati region declined so long ago and evidence of what happened. Also, we can't understand the language the people in Indus Valley used so we can't translate it.

=5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?= I think that the decline was caused by continuous invasions. The neighboring civilizations might have kept attacking and damaged property and hurt people. As the result, the people could have left Mohenjo-Daro for other places.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Day 2 **Step 1:** **Use the following** [|Guide to the Mohenjo Daro Artifacts .pdf] **to fill out the** ** " Archeologists' Ideas " ** **on your handout: Notes About Ancient Artifacts and Ruins.**

=__//Do not use more than 35 words in the "Archeologists' Ideas" box! This means you can not copy all of the text from the notes. You must summarize.//__=

Station H: They think this item represents how farm goods could have been carried from fields to the market.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
 * __Assignment 3-8__** Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... I learned that Egypt was one of the most developed civilizations around the world in the old days.

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Something that confused me was the six characteristics of a civilizations and how I could explain it in the Keynote.

3. What surprised me the most was... What surprised me the most was the papyrus was the first paper to be made in the world.

4. I would like to know more about... I would like to learn more about the lives of the Egyptian royalty.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I will always remember was the Egypt Keynote because of the work and effort that went into the project.

Assignment 3-5 Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** During the Old Kingdom, pharaohs had absolute power and were considered gods on earth. But that's not why this kingdom is nicknamed "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in pyramids only during this time period in history. Pyramids are stone tombs with triangular sides. In addition, they were a popular choice for burial tombs and symbolized afterlife. It was an Egyptian belief that tombs, especially royal tombs, were extremely important. The construction required a big labor force and large amounts of rocks. The rocks were were transported to the work sites by boats and sleds. Peasants were employed to build pyramids and were paid for their work with grain and objects. One example of a pyramid is the Great Pyramid of Giza. After building a few pyramids, at great expense to the state, it occurred to pharaohs that pyramids were rather easy to spot, and thus, much easier to rob than a hidden tomb. Things changed during the middle kingdom.
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The middle kingdom was Egypt's Golden Age. This period was established by Mentuhotep II around 2050 B.C. Trade flourished, arts and literature flourished. Egypt built strong armies to defend herself against her neighbors. During the time period of the middle kingdom, pharaohs were expected to be good kings and wise rulers. Unlike the old kingdom which had been a time of pyramids, the middle kingdom was one of stability and order. Also in this time period, pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs, all over the place. Most probably, there are tombs yet to be discovered because they were hidden so well. Towards the end of the middle kingdom, Egypt was invaded by a tribe called the Hyksos. Egypt did not regain control until the mid-1500's B.C.
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like during this time
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...** The new kingdom was Egypt's expansion period. Egypt expanded her borders through military conquest and became a world power. Afraid of future invasions, pharaohs secured all the possible invasion routes and conquered nearby kingdoms. The lands that Egypt took over had many resources and was used for trade. In addition, conquest brought Egyptian travelers and developed trade routes. During the time period of the new kingdom, pharaohs were all powerful, and pharaohs were all buried in the same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. Around 1200 B.C., a group from Asia Minor named Hitties attacked the empire; both sides were evenly matched, neither was able to defeat the other. Later on, another group named Tehunu conquered the Nile Delta, although the Egyptians were able to fight them off, soon an another group of invaders called Sea Peoples attacked Egypt. Even though it had managed to survive, it still lost its domains in Asia. After this period, Egypt was not able to regain its former glory and power.
 * __Part 3__**
 * The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
 * the causes of the growth of trade
 * what life was like in an empire
 * wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved