Yu+Jin

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**Assignment 6-3** Directions: Read the following information about the Minoans and the Mycenaeans and then answer the questions that follow **in your notebook**.

The Minoans:** Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000 B.C.E. Minoan palace murals (wall paintings) and painted pottery show us a great sea culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master sailors and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan, and Asia Minor. Socially, the Minoans were an egalitarian (equal) culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - and boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is obvious because they didn't have fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the model for the Mycenaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization which is considered the earliest developed culture on mainland Greece.
 * __The Origins of the Greeks__

Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical, with kings and soldiers in positions of power at the top of society, and prisoners of war who became slaves at the bottom of society who served the kings and soldiers. Other than artwork showing religious festivals and musical performances, very few artifacts of entertainment were left by the Mycenaeans.
 * The Mycenaeans:**

//1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?// //2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?// //3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?// //4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?// //5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later periods of Greek history?// //6. Using your **textbook pages 256-257**, explain how the decline of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans was similar.//

Assignment 4-5 Website: [|India-Government]

Use the website above and what you have learned in class so far to answer these questions about the early Indus River Governments. 1. Why would having a central government help in planning and organizing a city? The central government was combined with their systems and the rajahs would take care of things. 2. Who were Rajahs? Ruler of the cities were Rajahs. 3. What is a Guru? Guru is a type of a teacher. 4. What subjects were taught in school? The subjects were religious nature. But they also had to do chores and service the Guru. 5. Who was in charge of the government? The priest was charge of the government. 6. Why did people look up to the priests? THe priests were charge of the government.

Assignment 4-4 __Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.__ I was the on of the nobles. __2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why?__ The favorite part about the caste system simulation was when the Brahmans told nobles to do funny things. __3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why?__ Parts of the simulation made me angry, upset, or frustrated was nothing because I actually didn't do anything. __4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not?__ I don't think the system is fair (I was the nobel, low class) because the higher class were telling us to do things they can do easily such as press the button for the water fountain. __5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?__ I think the society should organize people into social classes because you have to organized people or everyone will fight about their levels. But then I think the higher class shouldn't treat the lower class to harshly.**
 * __1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation?__

Assignment 4-3 __Source: ** [|Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf] Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions**__ **clearly __and__ completely __on your wiki page.__** Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.


 * 1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?

2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain.

3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?

4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?

5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?**

Assignment 4-2 Website: [|Indus Valley] Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in **complete sentences** with **clear details** on your wiki page. 1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro? Things that were discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro were model cart, metal plate, sets of weight, terra cotta tablet, figurine, seal, and a necklace. 2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today? We have walls, and houses are almost the same how they built. 3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro? The model cart was made out of terracotta, children must have played with it, and bullocks were dragging the cart. The necklace looks like a highly skilled craft worker made it for a long time, made out of gold metal or beads, and rich woman must have worn it. The seals look like they were use to make an impression on wet clay, and they have Indus writings. The weights are made out of carved stones, and the traders must have used the biggest weights to weight the heavier goods. The figurine is made out of terra cotta, looks like a women, and looks like she is wearing a head dress. 4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum. I think most of the people were rich because lots of goods were found. Also the sculptures were all rich people's look. 5. What do we know about the Priest-King? The sculpture may have been one of the ruler who was one important person, or a priest. 6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used? It was used in religious ceremonies! People used it to purify and renew themselves.

__Assignment 4-1__ **Source: [|IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg]**


 * Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:**

Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations. After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.
 * I**n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient **Sarasvati River**. The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above? One of the way my map is similar to the one that I see in the map above is how I symbolized mountains, rivers etc. 2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map? The colors on the map which I think represents the temperature of the map. 3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details. The reason why I think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers is because people have more fertilizer form the rivers so people can crop better and provide many people. Also the river can be used to move objects floating on the river and the water just flows where it's suppose to be. 4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map. ok 5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River? I think because too may people where near the Sarasvati and Indus River and not enough land for all those people so moved to the Ganga River.
 * Questions:**

**A. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?** They are like modern people like us because they had games for example and bathing pools and wells etc. That they were very busy. For example they traded alot and and most of there job is a farmer so they do farming too.**C. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?**
 * B. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?**
 * C. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?**
 * D. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?**


 * E. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?**

=__Assignment 3-8__= Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences **clearly and with specific details**. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

3. What surprised me the most was...

4. I would like to know more about...

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

=__Assignment 3-7__= __Ancient Egypt Topic Peer Assessment__ Go to our YouTube Channel and login using the username and password given in class. You will assess your classmates' videos using the rubric for the ancient Egypt project and by answering the questions below. Each answer must be at least **two** sentences long. Post your assessment in the comments section under each classmate's video. Please make sure you include your first name only or your comment will be deleted. You must comment on **four** classmates' videos: (Note: YouTube has a 500 word limit on comments. You might have to divide your assessment comments into two posts.)
 * classmate above your name
 * classmate below your name
 * two other classmates of your choice

1. How did your classmate make the video interesting and creative?

2. Was it easy to understand your classmates presentation including his/her voice? Why or why not?

3. Clearly explain two things you learned from your classmate's video.

4. How could your classmate improve his/her video?

=__Assignment 3-6__=

A Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 B Block- Monday Feb. 22 F Block- Tuesday Feb. 23 **
 * Due Dates:


 * Task:** You are to research your assigned topic from Egyptian history and create a video presentation using iMovie or Keynote. The video presentation should be 3-4 minutes and include the following required elements:


 * 1) Introduce your topic to the audience and explain the importance of your subject in Ancient Egypt.
 * 2) Explain and show where your topic belongs on a map of Egypt. You may have to be creative with this part because your topic might not be from one area.
 * 3) Present 5 interesting facts you have learned about your subject from your research. Include dates and/or which kingdom (old, middle, new).
 * 4) Identify at least one of the [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png width="32" height="32" caption="external image pdf.png" link="http://kis6ss.wikispaces.com/file/view/Six+Characteristics+of+Civilization.pdf"]] [|Six Characteristics of Civilization.pdf] that is evident in your topic and explain how your topic relates to the characteristic.
 * 5) How does your topic relate to our society today?
 * 6) Include appropriate images/video to make your presentation **clear**, **interesting** , **original** , and ** creative **.
 * 7) Use your own voice for the audio part of your presentation.
 * 8) You (and your partner) must appear in the video for at least 30 seconds as you present your information.
 * 9) Conclude your presentation by restating the significance (importance) of your topic to history.
 * 10) Use at least four different sources. At least one of your sources must be from the [|KIS Library Resources.] At least one resource should be a book.
 * 11) Cite any images that you use at the end.
 * 12) Cite your sources at the end.

__**Helpful Hints**__
 * Follow the steps above in order. Your research will be first, then you will start working on the iMovie.
 * You will be asked to show your progress on this project in every class before the due date. **Your progress will be graded.**
 * Originality and creativity will be rewarded with a higher grade. For example, if you draw some of your images you will get a more points than someone who just copies images from the Internet.

[|Ancient Egypt Project Rubric.pdf]

=__Assignment 3-5__= Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page. The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE) Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 1__
 * Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
 * Workers
 * Importance of the pyramids

In the Old Kingdom pharaohs were the most powerful person in Egypt and are were considered as a god. This period is called "The Pyramid Age" Pyramids were very important to the Egyptians, they thought that Pyramids were burial sites, especially royal tombs. To describe how a pyramid looks is huge, stone tombs with four triangles shaped sides that met in a point on top. Egyptian's first build a pyramid during the Old Kingdom. A single pyramid took thousands of workers and more than 2 million lime stone blocks to build it. They were ramps to carry the stone block up to the top. Also using wooden sleds.It took hundred thousands of workers to build the pyramid. And most of them were peasants. Working on the construction workers were not paid. They were given grains. The importance of the pyramids It was the pharaoh's burial. The size and shape of the pyramid was symbolic and the pyramid pointing to the sky symbolized pharaoh's journey to after life. Everything has to be perfect then the the after life will be easier to go through and more peaceful. They would also do spells on the pharaoh's tomb. In the Old Kingdom the tombs were easily robbed because when Egyptians build the pyramid it was easy to go to the pharaoh's tomb because there are fortunes. 3

Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook. Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...**
 * __Part 2__**
 * The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
 * the difference with the Old Kingdom
 * what life was like
 * wars or battles and who was involved

Old Kingdom was during 2700-2200 BC. The Middle Kingdom was Egypt's "Golden Age". IN the Middle Kingdom Egyptians developed art, literature, trade. Also they had stronger armies then in the Old Kingdom. The end of the Old Kingdom, wealth and power of the pharaoh dies off. Building and maintaining pyramids cost a lot of money. The pharaohs couldn't afford a lot so the government took over their spots. But then for the Middle Kingdom this powerful leader defeated a war. So all the "old" pharaoh were gone and this guy was the start of middle kingdom. That is the period when the order and stability which lasted till 1750 BC. But then again almost at the end of the Middle Kingdom it starts falling...during this time South West Asians invaded so it was a hard time for Egyptians because they were getting bossed around by the new kings. Also they would have felt bad because the Middle Kingdom was falling like what had happened to the Old Kingdom. Later on Egyptians fought back South West Asians and this man called Ahmose of Thebes declares hi m to be king. Then he rule all of Egypt. Because of the robbing in the Old Kingdom they hid the pharaoh's tomb hidden so well. So some of the tombs weren't found till now. 3

=__Assignment 3-4__= One of the god I would like to be is Ra because I would be the most important god in Ancient Egypt also he does amazing things such as swallowing every night by the sky goddess Nut, and he reborn every morning. Ancient Egyptians believed that Ra traveled underworld and he appeared with a head of a ram. The god I would not want to be is Osiris because I feel like he is evil... he the ruler of underworld god of dead.
 * Part 1:** Go to this [|site] and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would __**not**__ want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are **middle school quality explanations**.
 * Part 2:** Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the [|Mesopotamian gods and goddesses]. Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different? Lamashtu and Tawaret, they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilization were different because they protect woman that are pregnant from evil demons. And why I think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotaminan civilizations were different because they still believe in the same gods before and after.

=__Assignment 3-3__= = =
 * Source:** How to Mummify Nefermaat
 * Directions:** Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions __**clearly and with details**__ on your wiki page.
 * 1) Why did Egyptians want to [|preserve] dead bodies? The body of the deceased needed to be preserved so that the soul could recognized it after its death.
 * 2) How did they [|preserve] bodies? What is this process of preservation called? Drying out the body and wrapping the body with protective bandages. After life.
 * 3) Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed? You get this metal hook and put it through the nose. And then break the brain in to pieces. After you hake the brain out. Egyptians think that the brain was not that important.
 * 4) Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs? Intestine, Stomach, Liver, and the Lung. What was done with these organs was put into a jar and it was put in the tomb.
 * 5) What did they do with the heart? Why? They left it in the body because Egyptians thought that the heart was the center of intelligent, emotion, and feeling.
 * 6) What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from. Natron is salt the soaks up moisture.
 * 7) How was [|linen] used during mummification? To wrap the body.
 * 8) What are [|amulets] and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used. Help them life easier in after life. The Djed Pillar to hold the neck. The Scarab was a beetle and it was for rebirth and rising and setting the sun.
 * 9) What happens to the body after it was mummified? Going to AFTERLIFE!

= = =__Assignment 3-2__=
 * Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes**
 * Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.**

1. Read the //If YOU were there section//. How do you feel about working for the pharaoh? I will feel happy because the pharaoh does good things to his people. He has responsibility for us. We could blame the pharaoh if war comes or the crops did not grow well or if disease struck. 2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end? The call it Old Kingdom. It started 2700 to 2200 B.C. 3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh. They feel like they depend on the pharaoh on his wisdom and strength. For the country they are busy planting crops. 4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh? If crops don't grow well or if disease struck or if war comes. 5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him? Khufu's life, people who worked for him were fed so he was nice to his people. The Great Pyramid. 6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.) Egypt had about 2 million people. Later on they had social classes. 6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves? The advantages was they didn't had to work on their crop. The disadvantage was that they had to work hard and do the pharaohs building project. 6.c. What did farmers do during flood season? Work on the pharaoh's building project. 7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with). Gold, Copper, Ivory, Slaves, Stones for Buildings. They trade with Syria and Nubia. 8. Define the word //**acquire**//. Use //**acquire**// in an original sentence. Buy or obtain. The pharaoh gets to acquire everything what he wants. 9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed? Nobles, below the pharaoh.

=__**Assignment 3-1**__=


 * Sources:**
 * **Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**
 * **Use the map above, the maps in the //Egypt Resources// wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function**


 * Directions:**
 * **Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.** (Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * **You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. **Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.**

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). **Provide an image and a description for each historic site.**

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. **Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.**

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

=__**Assignment 3-1**__=


 * Source: Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89.** **(Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)**

(Note: //Mark// means use a marker, //label// means use a text label, //represent// means draw a symbol to show the item.)
 * Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. //Label everything carefully//.**

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract. **(Use the textbook to help you with this part.)** If you go 720 miles south of the Mediterranean Sea there is the first cataract. The other five cataracts are at the farther south. 2. Label the Red Sea. I did. 3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry 4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), and the oasis of Faiyum-Include dates, palm trees, and crocodiles. Provide an image and a description for each historic site 5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Hermopolis, Akhetaten, Memphis, Bubastis. Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine 6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta, the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature. 7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

=Study Guide= =Hominids and their Characteristics= Australopithecus= Name means southern ape. Appeared in Africa about 4-5 million years ago. First human to walk on two legs. Brain is one third the size of modern human.

Homo habilis= Name means handy man. Appeared 2.4 million years ago. Used early stool tools for chopping and scrapping. Brain size is half size of modern human.

Homo erectus= Means upright man. Appeared 2- 1.5 million years ago. Used stone tools like hand ax. Learned how to control fire. Migrated Africa to Asia and Europe.

Homo sapiens= Name means wise man. Appeared 200,000 years ago. Migrated all around the world. Same species as modern human beings. Learned how to create fire. Use lots of different tools. Developed languages.

=Aspects of Daily life effects notes= People now don't have to hunt for food People don't need to gather plants. You can just buy it in stores. More food more population. People trade They invented new tools that work better then the old basic tools. You have your own land.

food source...?

=Vocabulary:= Agriculture: farming

Hunter: people who hunt animals for food

Gatherers: people who gather plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts for food

Migrate: when something is move to a place

Paleolithic Era: is the Stone Age but the first part if it

Neolithic Era: the second Stone Age which is new. Here people started to do things cool like controlling fire

History: the record of past events and times

Archaeology: the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains

Fossil: any living thing that remained skeleton, footprint, ect

Prehistory: the time before there was writing

Hominid: an early ancestor of humans

Ancestor: a relative who lived in the past

Tool: an object that helps people to accomplish a task

=**Time lines**= Decade: A decade is a time period of 10 years Century: A century is a time period of 100 years Millennium: A millennium is a time period of 1,000 years C.E&B.C.E: c.e stands for common era and b.c.e stands for before common era. = = =Other notes:= The world is always changing.

= = =__Assignment 1 __= Using your notes **and** page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions **on your wiki page**. 1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year? 2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215 3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean? Type in the content of your page here.

1. I was born in the CE year. 2. 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 476, CE 1215, AD 2000 3. It event happened about in the AD 1000

=__Assignment 2__= Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the time line we used in class.

1. About how many millennium had happened between Pyramids built in Egypt and 22- letter alphabet created by Phoenicians? 2. What decade period is when the light bulb was invented? 3. How many years had past when paper money was invented? 4. Which one occurred first, 100,000 B.C.E or 90,000 B.C.E 5.What is the first event that happened at the time line?

=__Assignment 3__= Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1 Answer the following questions on your wiki page.
 * Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project** **Response**

1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project? I was the narrator, flower, and the wave. 2. What Problems did your group run into? The problems in our group was that we need to be ready for the next scene. For example get our puppets ready! 3. How did your group deal with these problems? We took are time. It didn't really matter if we stopped for a minute because we were fast in the beginning. 4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories. The first similarity between all the origin story is that all the gods created human beings. 5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph). The Egypt origin story and the China origin story both have gods who made humans but then they made in different ways. For example with tears, sneeze and dirt. The gods made companions for them self.

=**__Assignment 4__**= Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found? Lucy and the other hominids was found in Africa. 2. What is the scientific name of Lucy? The scientific name of Lucy is Australopithecus. 3. How long ago did Lucy live? She lived 3 million year ago. 4. What was an important step in human development? The important step in human development is when they stood on 2 legs. 5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer. Make sure your answer is **clear and detailed.**
 * Australopithecus
 * Name means southern ape. Appeared in Africa about 4-5 million years ago. First human to walk on two legs. Brain is one third the size of modern human.
 * Homo habilis
 * Name means handy man. Appeared 2.4 million years ago. Used early stool tools for chopping and scrapping. Brain size is half size of modern human.
 * Homo erectus
 * Means upright man. Appeared 2- 1.5 million years ago. Used stone tools like hand ax. Learned how to control fire. Migrated Africa to Asia and Europe.
 * Homo sapiens
 * Name means wise man. Appeared 200,000 years ago. Migrated all around the world. Same species as modern human beings. Learned how to create fire. Use lots of different tools. Developed languages.

6. Which hominid are you? Homo Sapiens

=Assignment 5= Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.
 * 1) Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study **prehistory**?
 * 2) What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
 * 3) What kind of **tools** did people use during the **Paleolithic Era**?
 * 4) Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
 * 5) What is a **hunter-gatherer**?
 * 6) In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
 * 7) Define the boldfaced words above.

1. We need archaeologist and anthropologist to study prehistory because they tell use about what happened long time ago and about our ancestors. 2. One advantage of walking of walking completely upright is that you can do anything with your hand while you are walking. Also you save energy when you are walking with 2 legs not with 4 legs. 3. The kind of tool they used during the Paleolithic Era is stone tools like spear or hand ax. 4.If I were to design a stone and wood tool I could use to help me with my chores, I would get a long, thin wood. Then at one side I would put something kind of soft like leaves, attach it to one side and use it like a broom. The other side u would put a really sharp rock and use it for hunting. 5. A hunter-gatherer are people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive. 6. In my opinion the most important change brought by the development of language is when they made the language and kept on using it and using till everyone used it good! 7. Prehistory= the time before there was writing Tools= an object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task Paleolithic Era= the first part of the Stone Age; when people first used stone tools Hunter-gatherer= people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

=__Assignment 6__= Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__. Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the //Beginnings of Agriculture// section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?). If I discovered that the seeds I dropped on the earth and made plants. If I noticed this it would change my whole~ life and help me a lot of things! I could collect groups of different seeds I could make my own farm. Also have lots of food to harvest for winter. I could even sell it! If I have lots of different food from other people I would exchange other peoples object. Read //The First Farmers// and //Plants// section on p.41 and answer these questions: 2. What is another name for the New Stone Age? Neolithic Era 3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for? People learned to polish stones to make tools like saws and drills. I think they used these tools for hunting. 4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now __**make**__ fire. Which hominid would this be? Homo Erectus. 5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution? I think historians called a revolution because means forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system. 6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'? The process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans 7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia? Horse, sheep, cattle, and goat. 8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated? North America. I think it is in part of Mexico. 9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different. 1. If I was a farmer the plants belong to me also I could trade for different things. 2. I have my own land. 3. I don't have to move around to hunt or gather if I run out of food.

=__Assignment 7__= Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far. 1. Who discovered Lucy's bone and where 2. What does Homo Sapiens mean? 3. What kind of tools did they usually made out of?

Answer these questions **clearly** and **completely** on your wiki page. 1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period? The main difference between life in the Paleolithic period they knew some basic things but in the Neolithic period people started to notices changes for everything. For example they used basic rocks in the Paleolithic period but used a spear in the Neolithic period. Also they started to do agriculture! 2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period? Peoples lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period by having there own farms and don't have look for or hunt for animals till the end of the day! They could use animals hide for shelter, clothes etc. They could also trade their belongings for something else new! 3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture? The advantage of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture is that they have enough food and will help them survive in the cold winters. They have something to trade with. They have their own land. The disadvantages is they can run out of food and there could be a storm that will wipe all of the crops out! = =

=__Assignment 8__= Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions __**clearly**__ and __**completely**__ on your wiki page. 1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you? The three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised me was the surgery. It surprised me because they use actual stone tools to do brain surgery. Also for people to do brain surgery they just make a hole in their head and i thought that could never happen. 2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class? 1. I knew that people trade for other things. 2. I knew agriculture started to change humans life by domesticating animals and other things. 3. As time pass people start to learn new ideas. 3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. __**Explain**__ three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.) (mostly about school) 1. I go school and spend there most of the time but for Jookie living in Catal Huyuk, I think he or she will play or rest mostly for the rest of the day. 2. In school I learn a lot about new things but for Jookie it will take time to learn new things. 3. And last of all Jookie would probably would work all the time or help family but we get to play or go school at that time.
 * Catal Huyuk video 1
 * Catal Huyuk video 2

=__Assignment 9__= Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was... The single most important thing I learned was agriculture changing everything! 2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was... Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was 3. What surprised me the most was... The thing that surprised me the most was the surgery because i never knew drilling a hole in your head will solve everything and when you do surgery you usually have to make the person a sleep so they don't feel the pain. But here they don't. 4. I would like to know more about... I would like to know more about other important things that happened in the Paleolithic period and Neolithic period. 5. The part that I think I will always remember was... The part that I think I will always remember is surgery. It was weird, gross and interesting.

=**__Assignment 2-1__**=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page.** **Use the links above from the Class Activity** **//to// help you answer the questions.**

1. What helped the human population to grow in //Mesopotamia//? The increase of food supply, sturdier shelter, and improved technology helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia. 2. What does //cultivate// mean? Cultivating means to be prepare and use for crops or gathering. 3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have? Farmers in the Zagros hills by 5000 B.C.E farmers did not have enough land on which to grow crops for increasing the population. 4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why? The choices I would choose would be D attacking neighboring and villages and steal their food.
 * //Event A: Food Shortage//**

1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river //plains//? The first major problem farmers have as they tries to grow their crops on the Mesopotamia river plains is the soil on most of the plains was hard and dry for the year. So when the hot, strong wind blows it blows away the rich soils The second major problem is by melted snow from the mountains, flowing into rivers and making a flood. It is good that floods come often to make the soils moisture but seeds or plants wash away. 2. How did they solve these problems? They solve these problems by controlling water when floods happen and if the soils are hard the floods help them to be wet. 3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from? The melted snow that caused flooding come from the mountains.
 * Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply**

=__**Assignment 2-2**__=


 * Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) __clearly__ and with __details__ on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called //Event C:// //Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System// & //Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities// to help you answer the questions.**

1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
 * Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System**

2. How did farmers prevent flooding? They build up natural earth walls called levees to prevent flooding. 3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please __**clearly**__ explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers? The levees prevent from flooding. Water ways and canals are used to control the water. Dam, barriers, and reservoirs are use to block and store water. 4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food? The word is surplus. 5. What could happen if one canal was clogged? All the irrigation system doesn't work. 6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system? The cooperated and take care of the irrigation system. 1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other? The Mesopotamian villages help each other by becoming dependent on each other to built and maintain their irrigation system. 2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other? They are all connected by the irrigation canals that wound through the cities. 3. What did many villages grow into? They grew into towns and cities. 4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region? We call the region in Mesopotamia that had growing cities and towns was called Sumer and people were called Sumerians. 5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city? People fought other people for more irrigation water, so the cities located upriver, they built canals or block the other cities' canals. 6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains? Because there no mountain ranges nor rushing rivers to protect people from attacking. 7. What defense plan is best to protect a city? The used the irrigation water.
 * Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities**

=**__Assignment 2-3__**= Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions __**clearly** and in **complete sentences** on your wiki page__.

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name? Mesopotamia was actually made of two parts. Northern Mesopotamia was a plateau bordered on the north and the east by mountains. Southern Mesopotamia was a flat plain. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flowed down from the hills into this low-lying plain. 2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile? Over time, these people learned how to plant crops to grow their own food. Every year, floods on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers brought silt, a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks, to the land. The fertile silt made the land ideal for farming. Making the irrigation system. 3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization? People became crafters, religious leaders, and government workers. 4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government? You need a leader to lead the project and make it organized.

=**__Assignment 2-4__**= Using **The Six Characteristics of a Civilization** (see below)**,** answer the following questions **clearly** and with **details** on your wiki page. = = 1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic. U.S: A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society is when there is Executive, Legislative and the Judicial Government. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change, no because if people in that place likes this food and it suddenly goes away people will get mad. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs, yes. Lots of people have different kinds of job. For example a farmer. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. I am not sure about this but i don't think there is because there is no kings in this time period. Highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. There are everything invented by someone. Like the phone is science. (technology) Last but least, a religious system, which might include priests and temples. I think that happens right now. Like people go to church and they are Christians. 2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not? I don't think all of these characteristics have to be in the civilization because 1~5 it usually can happen almost everywhere. But then number 6, some country they don't believe in anything. Sometimes they don't have a religious system. 1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. 2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. 3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. 4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. 5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. 6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.
 * The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:**

=__Assignment 2-5__= Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the **whole page** in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.

That peace was broken in the 2300s BC when Sagron sought to extend Akkadian territory. 3. Who was Sargon and what did he do? King of Akkad, a land north of Sumer, he built the world’s first empire after defeating Sumer and northern Mesopotamia. 4. What did Sargon establish? He built the world’s first empire after defeating Sumer and northern Mesopotamia. 5. Define 'empire'. land with different territories and peoples under a single rule 6. Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader. Sargon established the world’s first empire. And he extend Akkadian territory built a new capital, Akkad. 7. How long did Sargon rule his empire? He ruled over 50 years his empire 8. What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire? The empire lasted only a century after his death. Later rulers could not keep the empire safe from invaders. 9.Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again? Sumerian city-state of Ur rebuilt its strength and conquered the rest of Mesopotamia. The Sumerians once again became the most powerful civilization in the region. 10. Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city? Near by there are rivers. Also there are walls built around the city. There are harbors and canals. Lots of houses and there is a giant temple. Which means lot of people!
 * 1) Where did the Akkadians live? They lived just north of Sumer, but they were not Sumerians.
 * 2) What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?

=__Assignment 2-6__= After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then copy and paste your questions and answers onto your discussion tab. Then go to the **discussion tabs** of at least three other classmates and make **good quality middle school comments** about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are. __**Trader's Circuit questions**__ 1. What part of the game did you like the best? Why? 2. During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way? <span class="currency_converter_link">3. What part of the game was difficult for you? <span class="currency_converter_link">4. In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry? <span class="currency_converter_link">5. What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why? <span class="currency_converter_link">6. In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

1. The part of the game I liked the best was when you can sell an item raising the price. 2. I was very sad because I had veRY~ bad cards. 3. The difficult part in the game was when i had to trade something to have an monopoly. 4. The advantage to have a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as sates or jewelry is you need to have all! the item you need to make an monopoly. 5. Have different cards because i couldn't trade anything with my cards. 6. I think it was better to cooperate with another player to try getting all the products/resources for ourselves because you are convincing them and telling them why you should buy it. You get to discus a lot with other people.

=__Asignment 2-7__= __WASN'T IN CLASS!!!!!!!!__ **
 * Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Read the questions/directions carefully and write **clear and detailed** answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King? Collect all the laws of the kingdoms. 2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE? Ur's power is gone and several invaders battled to gain control of Mesopotamia. 3. Where was Babylon located? It is located on the Euphrate River. 4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king? Hammurabi was king of Babylon. He became king at 1792 B.C. 5. What is a monarch? A ruler of a kingdom or empire. 6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire? It was called Babylonian Empire. 7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have? Babylon’s tax collection system to help pay, brought much prosperity through increased trade, but most famous for his code of laws. 8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover? His code was a set of 282 laws. Trade, loans, and theft to marriage, injury, and murder are daily life the code cover. Even now! 9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important. We use some of his laws today. Specific crimes brought specific penalties. 10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire? Babylon became the most important city in Mesopotamia. Also his death made Babylonian power declined. And both made the empire to an end. 11. Read the different laws in the [|Code of Hammurabi on this site] and choose **three** that you think are interesting. __**Copy**__ the three laws and their **numbers** onto your page. Then for **each** law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law. 1. If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death. I kind of agree with this because back in the old days if your mom is dead or gone the children can't take cared. 2. If this woman die, he shall pay half a mina. I agree because she is responsible for some part of her job, and i dis agree because if people die you don't PAY! what if someone else murdered you? you have to pay? 3. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. I disagree because if his father doesn't construct it properly it isn't his child fault!

=__Assignment 2-8__= =**Characteristics of Civilization**= =**Civilization Name:** **Hittites**= Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not?
 * Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook**
 * Directions:** Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete **The Characteristics of Civilization Chart** for the civilization you have chosen. Write **clear and detailed** answers in the chart, on your wiki page.
 * ==**Six Characteristics of Civilization**== || ==**Evidence for Characteristic**== || ==**Explanation**== ||
 * A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society. ||  ||   ||
 * A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change. || They have a lot of food. || They live near the water and have plenty of lands. ||
 * Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs. || Hittites were among the first people to master ironworking. || The other people are not good at these things and does this job but they are the first ones to do it. ||
 * Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others. || Hittite ruled and captured cities almost for 400 years. However it did not last long,,, || They want more land ||
 * A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing. || =====They are very skillful they used the chariot, a wheeled, horse drawn cart used in battles.===== || Their chariots were different from others. ||
 * A religious system, which might include priests and temples. || Religious || They pray a lot of times. Ans they believed in the Jews ways. ||